Second-season Impact of Nirsevimab: Clinical Outcomes of RSV Disease in Patients Immunized During Their First Season.

Nirsevimab provides passive immunization against respiratory syncytial virus, yet concerns exist regarding its long-term impact. This study analyzed respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract infection severity in hospitalized children immunized with nirsevimab more than 6 months prior. No significant differences were found compared with nonimmunized children.

Impact of Nirsevimab on RSV and Non-RSV Severe Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized Infants.

Background: Nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody providing passive immunity against RSV infections in infants, was introduced in Spain in October 2023 for children under 6 months and those born during the epidemic season. This study aimed to compare the clinical and virological characteristics of respiratory infections in hospitalized infants before and after nirsevimab introduction.

Methods: We carried out a prospective study across two hospitals in Madrid during the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 epidemic seasons.

Effect of a Health Education Intervention to Reduce Fear of Falling and Falls in Older People: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial Protocol.

Fear of falling (FOF) and falls are prevalent issues among older adults, leading to activity restriction, decreased quality of life, and increased dependency. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a nurse-led health education intervention to reduce FOF and fall incidence in older adults within primary care settings. This two-arm, multicenter, parallel, cluster-randomized clinical trial includes ten primary care centers in Spain and will enroll 150 adults over 65 years with FOF, mild or no functional dependence, and independent ambulation.

Zoonosis screening in Spanish immunocompromised children and their pets.

Introduction: Although pets provide several social-emotional benefits for children, the risk of zoonosis must be considered among immunocompromised individuals.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital including immunocompromised patients younger than 20 years owning dogs and/or cats. Colonization and/or infection was evaluated by stool studies, bacterial swabs, blood polymerase chain reaction and serological studies in both patients and their pets, to evaluate potential zoonotic transmission occurrence.

Gut and respiratory tract microbiota in children younger than 12 months hospitalized for bronchiolitis compared with healthy children: can we predict the severity and medium-term respiratory outcome?

Unlabelled: Growing evidence indicates that gut and respiratory microbiota have a potential key effect on bronchiolitis, mainly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This was a prospective study of 96 infants comparing infants with bronchiolitis ( = 57, both RSV and non-RSV associated) to a control group ( = 39). Gut (feces) and respiratory [nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA)] microbial profiles were analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and respiratory viruses were identified by PCR.

The role of veterinarians in zoonosis prevention: Advising families of immunocompromised children with pets.

Background: Pet ownership is widespread, offering numerous benefits to individuals and families. However, the risk of zoonotic diseases must be carefully considered, especially for immunosuppressed patients. Knowledge gaps in preventive measures for zoonoses have been identified, underscoring the vital role of veterinarians in addressing this issue.

Antibiotic Utilization in Hospitalized Children with Bronchiolitis: A Prospective Study Investigating Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics at a Secondary Hospital in Madrid (2004-2022).

Bronchiolitis is a viral respiratory infection, with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) being the most frequent agent, requiring hospitalization in 1% of affected children. However, there continues to be a noteworthy incidence of antibiotic prescription in this setting, further exacerbating the global issue of antibiotic resistance. This study, conducted at Severo Ochoa Hospital in Madrid, Spain, focused on antibiotic usage in children under 2 years of age who were hospitalized for bronchiolitis between 2004 and 2022.

Surveillance of Viral Respiratory Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit-Evolution in the Last 5 Years.

Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) in very low birthweight infants can be associated with high rates of morbidity. The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a strong impact on viral circulation. The purpose of this study is to report on VRIs during NICU admission in infants below 32 weeks' gestation and compare data collected between the pre-and post-COVID-19 pandemic periods.

Torque Teno Virus in Nasopharyngeal Aspirate of Children With Viral Respiratory Infections.

Background: Torque teno virus (TTV) is a ubiquitous anellovirus responsible for persistent infections and is considered a marker of immune function. The role of TTV as a facilitator of respiratory infections (RIs) is unknown.

Objectives: Our aim was to estimate, in a prospective study, the prevalence of TTV in the nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) of hospitalized children <5 years old, with RIs and correlate them with outcomes and immune response.

Balancing the Risks and Benefits of Pet Ownership in Pediatric Transplant Recipients.

In recent decades, the number of pediatric transplantations and their survival rates have increased. Psychological problems and poorer quality of life are notable among children undergoing transplantation and can have long-lasting consequences and affect immunosuppressive therapy adherence. Pet ownership and animal contact have been associated with physical, mental, and social health benefits.

Filaggrin and cytokines in respiratory samples of preterm infants at risk for respiratory viral infection.

Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are frequent in preterm infants possibly inducing long-term impact on respiratory morbidity. Immune response and respiratory barriers are key defense elements against viral insults in premature infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Our main goals were to describe the local immune response in respiratory secretions of preterm infants with RVIs during NICU admission and to evaluate the expression and synthesis of lung barrier regulators, both in respiratory samples and in vitro models.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents Living With HIV in Madrid.

Multicenter study designed to describe epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive cases registered among children and adolescents living with HIV (CALWH). SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 13.3% of CALWH, with all patients presenting mild symptoms, and the outcome was good in all patients.

Long-Term Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in a Pediatric Population.

Background: Antibody dynamics over time after SARS-CoV-2 infection are still unclear, and data regarding children are scarce.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed including children infected by SARS-CoV-2 between March and May 2020. Patients were categorized into 3 groups: children admitted with COVID-19; outpatient children with mild COVID-19; and seropositive children participating in a seroprevalence study among cohabitants of infected healthcare workers (HCWs).

High Rates of SARS-CoV-2 Family Transmission in Children of Healthcare Workers During the First Pandemic Wave in Madrid, Spain: Serologic Study.

Background: Data on SARS-CoV-2 transmission among children living with healthcare workers (HCWs) are scarce.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at a tertiary Hospital in Madrid, including children of HCW who suffered from SARS-CoV-2 infection between March and May 2020. Children underwent enzyme-linked immunosorbent serological study for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: VIRCELL IgG assay.

A 14-year Prospective Study of Human Coronavirus Infections in Hospitalized Children: Comparison With Other Respiratory Viruses.

Background: Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been recognized as causative agents of respiratory tract infections.Our aim was to describe HCoV infections in hospitalized children in a prospective surveillance study for 14 years and compare them with other respiratory viruses.

Methods: As a part of an ongoing prospective study to identify the etiology of viral respiratory infections in Spain, we performed the analysis of HCoV infections in children hospitalized in a secondary hospital in Madrid, between October 2005 and June 2018.

Expression of IL-1α correlates with distant metastasis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

The presence of IL-1 in human cancers is associated with aggressive tumor biology but its prognostic value is unknown. We studied whether IL-1α expression is a prognostic marker of distant metastasis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). IL-1α mRNA and protein levels were determined in tumor samples and cancer cell lines using RT-PCR and ELISA.

Prostacyclin-synthase expression in head and neck carcinoma patients and its prognostic value in the response to radiotherapy.

Prostacyclin (PGI2 ) plays a role in cancer progression but the mechanism is currently poorly understood. Additionally, no data are available about the prognostic value of the PGI2 pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) therapy. We evaluated the expression of the PGI2 pathway in HNSCC patients.

Microvascular COX-2/mPGES-1/EP-4 axis in human abdominal aortic aneurysm.

We investigated the prostaglandin (PG)E2 pathway in human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and its relationship with hypervascularization. We analyzed samples from patients undergoing AAA repair in comparison with those from healthy multiorgan donors. Patients were stratified according to maximum aortic diameter: low diameter (LD) (<55 mm), moderate diameter (MD) (55-69.

Genetic determinants of 5-lipoxygenase pathway in a Spanish population and their relationship with cardiovascular risk.

Objective: Leukotrienes (LT) play a role in inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Although some studies suggest that there are genes that determine variability of some LT-related phenotypes, the genetic influence on these phenotypes has not been evaluated.

Methods: The relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences to the 5-lipoxygenase pathway-related phenotypes (5-Lipoxygenase, five lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP), LTA(4)-hydrolase and LTC(4)-synthase expression, and LTB(4)-plasma concentration and LTB(4) production by stimulated whole blood) were assessed in a sample of 934 individuals in 35 extended families.

Overexpression of the nuclear factor-kappa B (p65) in association with local failure in patients with head and neck carcinoma undergong radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression as a biologic marker to predict local control in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

Methods: The mRNA expression levels of the NF-κB family genes were determined with real-time-polymerase chain reaction in 77 patients with HNSCC treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

Results: The mRNA NF-κB (p65) expression in pretreatment tumors was significantly related to local control (p = .

Interaction between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells and fibroblasts in the biosynthesis of PGE2.

Prostaglandin (PG)E(2) is relevant in tumor biology, and interactions between tumor and stroma cells dramatically influence tumor progression. We tested the hypothesis that cross-talk between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells and fibroblasts could substantially enhance PGE(2) biosynthesis. We observed an enhanced production of PGE(2) in cocultures of HNSCC cell lines and fibroblasts, which was consistent with an upregulation of COX-2 and microsomal PGE-synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in fibroblasts.

Hypoxia upregulates PGI-synthase and increases PGI₂ release in human vascular cells exposed to inflammatory stimuli.

Hypoxia affects vascular function and cell metabolism, survival, growth, and motility; these processes are partially regulated by prostanoids. We analyzed the effect of hypoxia and inflammation on key enzymes involved in prostanoid biosynthesis in human vascular cells. In human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), hypoxia and interleukin (IL)-1β synergistically increased prostaglandin (PG)I₂ but not PGE₂ release, thereby increasing the PGI₂/PGE₂ ratio.

Tumour cell lines HT-29 and FaDu produce proinflammatory cytokines and activate neutrophils in vitro: possible applications for neutrophil-based antitumour treatment.

There is evidence that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) can exert severe antineoplastic effects. Cross-talk between tumour cells and endothelial cells (ECs) is necessary for the accumulation of PMN around a tumour. This work reports the ability of two PMN-sensitive, human, permanent cell lines-colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and pharyngeal squamous-cell carcinoma (FaDu) cells-to act as inflammatory foci.

Heritability of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin E2 biosynthetic machinery in a Spanish population.

Objective: Prostanoids play a critical role in clinical areas such as inflammation, thrombosis, immune response, and cancer. Although some studies suggest that there are genes that determine variability of some prostanoid-related phenotypes, the genetic influence on these traits has not been evaluated.

Methods And Results: The relative contributions of genetic and environmental influences to the prostanoid biosynthetic pathway-related phenotypes, cyclooxygenase isoenzymes, microsomal-PGE-synthase-1 and TxA-synthase expression, and thromboxane-A(2) and prostaglandin-E(2) production by stimulated whole blood, were assessed in a sample of 308 individuals in 15 extended families.