Tailorable and biocompatible collagen-based peptides as distinctive surfactants with micellar self-assembly.

Surface-active peptides (SAPs) typically mimic conventional surfactants by featuring long non-polar (hydrophobic) peptide tails and short polar (hydrophilic) heads consisting of a single amino acid or short peptide. However, reverse-structure SAPs-with a long hydrophilic tail and short hydrophobic head-remain largely unexplored. If developed, such SAPs could form micelles with a larger hydrophilic area and a smaller hydrophobic core, leading to novel self-assembled structures.

An in-depth review of PPARγ modulators as anti-diabetes therapeutics.

Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) plays a crucial role in optimizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) modulators by influencing metabolism, therapeutic efficacy, and safety. Rosiglitazone is primarily metabolized by cytochrome 2C8 (CYP2C8) and CYP2C9, with the CYP2C83 polymorphism increasing clearance, reducing efficacy, and altering fluid retention. Troglitazone metabolism via CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 generates a reactive quinone metabolite, depleting glutathione (GSH), elevating mitochondrial oxidative stress, and inducing hepatotoxicity.