Hydrothermal liquefaction: Exploring biomass/plastic synergies and pathways for enhanced biofuel production.

The worsening environmental conditions, diminishing fossil fuel reserves, and increasing waste accumulation have redirected the attention of researchers and scientists towards the exploration of sustainable and non-exhaustive energy sources, as well as waste mitigation techniques. Among the various thermochemical technologies producing biofuels, hydrothermal liquefaction stands out as an effective technique for the simultaneous waste valorization and the production of sustainable biofuels. Under optimal conditions, hydrothermal liquefaction converts 70-80 % of feedstock energy into bio-oil, representing approximately 30-50 % of the feedstock's original mass.

Solvothermal liquefaction of Tetra Pak waste into biofuels and AlO-carbon nanocomposite.

This study explores a novel solvothermal disposal technique of Tetra Pak waste for the co-synthesis of value-added bio-oil and alumina-carbon nanocomposite. The impact of residence time (10-50 min.), temperature (240-360 °C), and substrate-to-solvent ratio (1:4-1:10) on the solvothermal liquefaction of Tetra Pak waste with supercritical ethanol were investigated on a batch scale.

Hydrothermal treatment of metal impregnated biomass for the generation of H and nanometal carbon hybrids.

The nanocatalyst impregnation onto the biomass matrix has gained importance in enhancing the H yield and overcoming the catalyst deactivation problems. In-situ catalytic gasification of Ru/Fe-impregnated sugarcane bagasse and citrus limetta (mosambi peels) were examined and compared with their raw biomass at subcritical and supercritical water conditions. Bagasse having a higher amount of lignocellulosic content produces a maximum yield of H over moambi peels.

Hydrothermal flames for subaquatic, terrestrial and extraterrestrial applications.

Hydrothermal flames are formed in supercritical water in the presence of a fuel and an oxidant (usually air or oxygen). Integrating hydrothermal flames as the heat source for supercritical water oxidation helps to minimize the reaction time (to milliseconds), improve the reaction kinetics and reduce the chances of corrosion and reactor plugging. This review outlines state-of-the-art research on hydrothermal flames including the impacts of process parameters on flame ignition.

Catalytic and non-catalytic degradation of acetaminophen in supercritical water.

Pharmaceutical industrial wastewater is typical wastewater consisting of complex organic compounds with higher concentration, microbial toxicity, strenuous to deteriorate, and environmental threatening. The present work assesses the degradation of recalcitrant acetaminophen (ACM) by a green technology known as supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). Experiments were carried out in a continuous flow SCWO reactor by altering reaction conditions such as temperature 400-600 °C, oxidant coefficient (OC 0 to 3), and Fe(II) catalyst concentration (0.

Hydrothermal liquefaction of Fe-impregnated water hyacinth for generation of liquid bio-fuels and nano Fe carbon hybrids.

In this work, hydrothermal liquefaction experiments of iron impregnated water hyacinth were performed with a motive to enhance bio-oil yields along with generation of nanometal carbon hybrids. Iron nanoparticles were impregnated and its metal loading was determined by ICP-MS. The impact of operating parameters like temperature, biomass to water ratio and reaction time on bio-oil yields was studied.

Green synthesis of nanometal impregnated biomass - antiviral potential.

Due to the epidemic nature, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), arthropod-borne alphaviruses, is considered as a potential public health threat worldwide. Currently, no antiviral drug or vaccine is available against alphaviruses. Nanotechnology with green synthesis of nanoparticles is a novel and emerging interdisciplinary field of science that involves the production and usage of nanomaterials.

Thermogravimetric and kinetic studies of metal (Ru/Fe) impregnated banana pseudo-stem (Musa acuminate).

Pyrolysis/gasification have proved to be promising conversion techniques to convert biomass into fuels. The current research work focuses on impregnation of Ru and Fe into banana pseudo-stem to study kinetics, pyrolytic behaviour and their impact during pyrolysis through thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). Samples weight loss were analyzed by TGA at four different heating rates (5-20 °C min) over the temperature range of 30-900 °C.

A novel nano zero-valent iron biomaterial for chromium (Cr to Cr) reduction.

This research work aims to develop a biomaterial entrapped with iron nanoparticles by green synthesis method in which biomass act as both reducing and capping agent. Iron nanoparticles embedded in Citrus limetta peels were characterised using ICP-MS for determination of metal loading, XRD, XPS for crystallinity and oxidation states, TEM followed by FESEM-EDS for particle size and morphology. Sizes of nanoparticles were found to be in the range of 4-70 nm.