Evidence for Similar Collectivity of High Transverse-Momentum Particles in p-Pb and Pb-Pb Collisions.

Charged hadron elliptic anisotropies (v_{2}) are presented over a wide transverse momentum (p_{T}) range for proton-lead (pPb) and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of 8.16 and 5.02 TeV, respectively.

Search for a Neutral Gauge Boson with Nonuniversal Fermion Couplings in Vector Boson Fusion Processes in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

The first search for a heavy neutral spin-1 gauge boson (Z^{'}) with nonuniversal fermion couplings produced via vector boson fusion processes and decaying to tau leptons or W bosons is presented. The analysis is performed using LHC data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, collected from 2016 to 2018 with the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1}. The data are consistent with the standard model predictions.

GastroGPT: Development and controlled testing of a proof-of-concept customized clinical language model.

Background And Study Aims: Current general-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) large language models (LLMs) demonstrate limited efficacy in clinical medicine, often constrained to question-answering, documentation, and literature summarization roles. We developed GastroGPT, a proof-of-concept specialty-specific, multi-task, clinical LLM, and evaluated its performance against leading general-purpose LLMs across key gastroenterology tasks and diverse case scenarios.

Methods: In this structured analysis, GastroGPT was compared with three state-of-the-art general-purpose LLMs (LLM-A: GPT-4, LLM-B: Bard, LLM-C: Claude).

Recent insights on direct democracy: Arguments, drivers, effects and conditions.

Rooted in history, with origins tracing back to Athenian democracy in the 5th century BCE, direct democracy has gained renewed attention as a potential solution to the challenges of representative democracy. It is often seen as a means to reduce democratic deficits, enhance citizen participation, and legitimize political decisions. This study reviews recent literature on direct democracy, analyzing 46 articles published between 2016 and 2023 to map key themes and debates.

Environmental fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: A case report in a coal mine worker.

The aim of our study is to highlight the inadequacy of focusing solely on occupational exposure in the diagnosis of lung diseases in coal miners. Other factors, especially environmental exposures, should also be considered. A 74-year-old patient with a 20-year history of coal mining and a complaint of coughing was referred with a preliminary diagnosis of coal worker's pneumoconiosis due to abnormal findings on HRCT.

Radiological progression of pneumoconiosis cases over a 5-year follow-up and contributing factors: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Pneumoconiosis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and there is no known effective treatment for the disease. Therefore, preventing progression of pneumoconiosis is crucial.

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the radiological progression of pneumoconiosis cases and identify factors influencing progression over a 5-year follow-up period.

Commercial real-time PCR kit results for the detection of Helicobacter pylori and clarithromycin resistance in stool samples.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that infects half of the world's population, and, unless treated, colonization usually persists throughout the lifespan. Noninvasive tests for the detection of H.

A Novel Ensemble Framework for Comprehensive Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment: Integration of Gastroenterology-Specific Transformer Language Models and Multiple Decision Trees.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant global health burden, with early detection and intervention crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aims to develop and evaluate a novel proof-of-concept ensemble framework combining transformer-based language models and decision tree-based models for early-stage CRC screening, diagnosis, and prognosis. The ensemble framework consists of four key components: (1) GastroGPT, a transformer-based language model for extracting relevant data points from patient histories; (2) a decision tree-based model for assessing CRC risk and recommending colonoscopy; (3) GastroGPT for extracting data points from early CRC patients' histories; and (4) a suite of decision tree-based models for predicting survival outcomes in early-stage CRC patients.

A three-dimensional memristor-based hyperchaotic map for pseudorandom number generation and multi-image encryption.

The resistance state of a memristor can be influenced by external stimuli, and these variations can be converted into a pseudorandom sequence through appropriate circuitry and control mechanisms. By leveraging this property, a reliable and complex pseudorandom number generator suitable for encryption can be designed. To enhance the chaotic complexity of memristor-based discrete systems, this paper introduces a three-dimensional hyperchaotic map based on a memristor (3D-HMBM), which integrates a sine-function nonlinearity with a discrete memristor model.

Evaluating the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Making Clinical Decisions for Treating Acute Pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an illness that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment since it has the potential to become life-threatening. The American College of Gastroenterology 2024 (ACG24) guidelines offer a framework for diagnosis, severity, and treatment criteria. To assess Google Gemini application of ACG24 guidelines to Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III AP cases for risk, nutrition, and complication management.

Virome drift in ulcerative colitis patients: faecal microbiota transplantation results in minimal phage engraftment dominated by microviruses.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by recurrent colonic inflammation. Standard treatments focus on controlling inflammation but remain ineffective for one-third of patients. This underscores the need for alternative approaches, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which transfers healthy donor microbiota to patients.

Reweighting simulated events using machine-learning techniques in the CMS experiment.

Data analyses in particle physics rely on an accurate simulation of particle collisions and a detailed simulation of detector effects to extract physics knowledge from the recorded data. Event generators together with a geant-based simulation of the detectors are used to produce large samples of simulated events for analysis by the LHC experiments. These simulations come at a high computational cost, where the detector simulation and reconstruction algorithms have the largest CPU demands.

Search for Fractionally Charged Particles in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

A search is presented for fractionally charged particles with charges below 1e, using their small energy loss in the tracking detector as a key variable to observe a signal. The analyzed dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions collected at sqrt[s]=13  TeV in 2016-2018 at the CERN LHC. This is the first search at the LHC for new particles with a charge between e/3 and 0.

Drug-induced liver injury: Diagnosis, management and the role of liver transplantation.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is caused by various medications or herbals/nutritional supplements resulting in liver test abnormalities or hepatic dysfunction. DILI can be categorized as direct (intrinsic), idiosyncratic, or immune-mediated (indirect), and patterns of injury can be categorized as hepatocellular, cholestatic, or mixed injury. DILI is diagnosed after excluding other causes of liver injury.

Liver transplantation for alcohol-associated liver disease: The changing landscape.

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is considered as a growing public health issue with universally increasing disease burden. Various genetic and environmental factors play role in its etiology. ALD recently has become the major indication for Liver Transplantation (LT).

Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Role of Liver Transplantation: An Update and Review.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Multiple treatment modalities are available for the management of HCC, depending on its stage as determined by the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system. Because liver transplantation (LT) theoretically removes the cancer and replaces the organ at risk for future malignancy, LT is often considered the most definitive and one of the most efficacious treatment options for HCC.

Search for Nuclear Modifications of B^{+} Meson Production in p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV.

Nuclear medium effects on B^{+} meson production are studied using the binary-collision scaled cross section ratio between events of different charged-particle multiplicities from proton-lead collisions. Data, collected by the CMS experiment in 2016 at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16  TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 175  nb^{-1}, were used.

A Rare Intervention in a Rare Disease: Simultaneous Bilateral Keratoplasty in Bilateral Keratitis.

The purpose of this report is to present simultaneous bilateral penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in keratitis (AK). A 42-year-old male with keratoconus, wearing bilateral hybrid contact lenses, presented with pain in the left eye. He had a history of intrastromal corneal ring segment placement in the right and PK in the left eye.

Effect of periampullary diverticulum morphology on ERCP cannulation and clinical results.

Aim: Periampullary diverticulum (PAD) is a common anatomical variant that can potentially impact the technical difficulty and outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its effects on the procedure. To evaluate the effect of PAD subtypes and diameter on ERCP cannulation success and clinical outcomes.

Materials And Methods: The study included patients with PAD and papilla-naïve patients undergoing ERCP for suspected common bile duct stones or distal benign strictures (due to PAD compression).

Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Use Cases in Gastroenterology.

Purpose Of Review: Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are emerging technologies with significant potential in medical education and therapeutic interventions, particularly within gastroenterology. This review aims to explore the current applications of VR and AR in enhancing endoscopy training, procedural skills, and patient comfort, while also identifying their role in non-pharmacological pain management and pre-procedure education.

Recent Findings: Extensive research has been conducted on the use of VR and AR in surgical and neurological fields, but their application in gastroenterology is still evolving.

A ceramic worker diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome.

Silicosis is a fibrotic respiratory disease caused by inhalation of crystalline compounds. In particular, it should be taken into account in all professions where silica is used, such as sandblasting, stone bench manufacturing, ceramics, jewelry and glass production Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a slowly progressive systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic lymphocytic invasion of exocrine glands and extraglandular tissues, accompanied by a series of systemic symptoms. Occupational silica exposure is known to be associated with autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus This manuscript presents a case of Sjögren's syndrome in a ceramic worker.

Search for New Resonances Decaying to Pairs of Merged Diphotons in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

A search is presented for an extended Higgs sector with two new particles, X and ϕ, in the process X→ϕϕ→(γγ)(γγ). Novel neural networks classify events with diphotons that are merged and determine the diphoton masses. The search uses LHC proton-proton collision data at sqrt[s]=13  TeV collected with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1}.

Gastroenterology Training and Career in Women: Challenges and Opportunities.

This review highlights gender gaps in training, career, and work-life balance in gastroenterology. Stereotypes and biases toward women's abilities and commitment to their careers can influence evaluations, advancement in gastroenterology training, and career progression. The findings indicate that lack of or limited access to mentorship and sponsorship, as well as support networks, can hinder the professional development of women.

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Pediatric Population: A Decade-Long Experience from 2 Tertiary Centers.

Background/aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an essential diagnostic and therapeutic method for pancreato-biliary disorders in adults, but its use in pediatric populations remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the indications, technical success, and safety of ERCP in pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of all ERCP procedures performed on patients under 18 years of age was conducted at 2 tertiary centers in Türkiye (Harran University and Gaziantep University Hospital) during the period between January 2013 and May 2024.

The Role of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Ocular Allergies.

In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to visualize the layers of the cornea and conjunctiva in real time. In patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), this technology can be useful in diagnosing and monitoring the disease, as well as evaluating the efficacy of treatments. IVCM can reveal subclinical abnormalities in the corneal and conjunctival epithelium such as inflammatory cell infiltrates and tissue damage, which can provide insight into the pathogenesis of AKC.