Quantifying the impact of congenital cardiac co-morbidities on anorectal malformations.

Aims Of The Study: Anorectal malformations (ARM) are frequently associated with congenital heart defects (CHD) (prevalence 10-40 %). Cardiac ARM patients, particularly those requiring surgery, tend to experience delays in definitive anorectal reconstruction whilst awaiting favourable cardiac status. We sought to quantify these delays and evaluate CHD's impact on surgical complications.

Use of Virtual Reality in the Education of Orthopaedic Procedures: A Randomised Control Study in Early Validation of a Novel Virtual Reality Simulator.

Background Virtual reality (VR) simulation is a potential solution to the barriers surgical trainees are facing. There needs to be validation for its implementation within current training. We aimed to compare VR simulation to traditional methods in acquiring surgical skills for a TFN-ADVANCED™ Proximal Femoral Nailing System (TFNA; DePuy Synthes, Auckland, New Zealand) femoral nailing system.

Anti-cholinergic drug burden in patients with dementia increases after hospital admission: a multicentre cross-sectional study.

Background: Anticholinergic medications are drugs that block cholinergic transmission, either as their primary therapeutic action or as a secondary effect. Patients with dementia may be particularly sensitive to the central effects of anticholinergic drugs. Anticholinergics also antagonise the effects of the main dementia treatment, cholinesterase inhibitors.