Exploring the Relationship of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder with Emotional Dysregulation: A Twin Study in Childhood and Adolescence.

Data on the genetic and environmental factors underlying the co-occurrence of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Emotional Dysregulation (ED) are limited. This study aimed to explore the nature of the associations between CDS, ADHD with ED, and to assess the role of shared etiological factors in explaining their comorbidity. We analyzed a sample of 400 Italian twin pairs aged 8-18, from Northern Italy and enrolled in the Italian Twin Registry.

Executive function deficits as risk markers for psychopathology and autism related traits in cornelia de lange and rubinstein-Taybi syndromes.

Background And Aim: There is evidence that executive function (EF) deficits might act as transdiagnostic risk factors for a wide range of psychopathology in typically developmental children. We aim to test the implications of EF deficits on internalizing, externalizing and autistic symptoms in youth with Cornelia de Lange (CdLS) and Rubinstein-Taybi syndromes (RSTS).

Method: This cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 14 patients with CdLS (64 % girls, age = 8.

Adolescent-Reported Interparental Conflict and Related Emotional-Behavioral Difficulties: The Mediating Role of Psychological Inflexibility.

Background/objectives: Interparental conflict, with its multiple dimensions, represents a risk factor for youth mental health, triggering a series of cascading processes. Despite recent evidence highlighting that psychological inflexibility is a risk factor for adolescents' psychopathology after stressful events, a limited number of studies have investigated its role in family conflicts. This study aims to investigate whether psychological inflexibility mediates the impact of conflict characteristics (intensity, frequency, and resolution) and threat appraisal of interparental conflict on the psychological difficulties of adolescent offspring.

Effect of prenatal online interventions on postpartum depressive symptoms and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Depression during pregnancy and postpartum can severely impact psychological and physical well-being, with significant consequences for the child and family. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of online interventions during pregnancy in reducing postpartum depressive symptoms and enhancing well-being.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English involving pregnant women over 18 years old who participated in online interventions, with or without the support of a health worker, were included.

Altered pain perception and nociceptive thresholds in major depression and anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis.

Psychiatric conditions can affect the experience of pain. Several reports indicate that Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased pain threshold, while Anxiety Disorders (ADs) may amplify the perception of pain. However, available data on the nociceptive threshold in these psychiatric conditions are controversial.

Attributional Styles and Their Impact on Depressive and Anxious Symptoms in Italian Children: Insights from the Italian Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire-Revised (CASQ-R).

Background: There is evidence that the tendency to adopt a peculiar pattern of causal inference, known as attributional style, is likely related to specific patterns of psychopathology among youth.

Objective: This study aims to assess preliminary psychometric properties of the Italian Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire-Revised (CASQ-R) and to explore the presence of any subgroups of children and early adolescents from the general population who might exhibit internally homogeneous and externally heterogeneous attributional styles through latent class analysis, delving into the potential sociodemographic, namely age and gender, and clinical differences among the identified classes of attributional styles.

Method: A sample of 337 children (11.

The Role of Anger Cognitions and Anger Rumination in Predicting Externalizing and Internalizing Problems in Adolescence.

This study aims to examine the relative contribution of anger cognitions and anger rumination in predicting externalizing and internalizing problems among 180 adolescents (aged 11-18 years) using correlational and linear regression analysis. Our findings showed that anger rumination predicted both externalizing (aggressive behaviors) and internalizing problems (anxious, depressive, and somatic symptoms). In contrast, biased anger cognitions did not appear to meaningfully predict either externalizing or internalizing symptoms, with the only exception of the hostile verbal labels and catastrophic cognitive attributions, a factor that was significantly associated with both rule-breaking behaviors (ß = .

Theory of Mind: A Brief Review of Candidate Genes.

Deficits in theory of mind (ToM), known as the ability to understand the other's mind, have been associated with several psychopathological outcomes. The present systematic review aims to summarize the results of genetic studies that investigated gene polymorphisms associated with mentalization performance tasks in children and adults. The systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines, and the literature search was conducted in PubMed and EBSCOhost using the following keywords: 'theory of mind, mentalizing, mindreading' and 'gene, genetic basis'.

Novel Approaches for the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Interventions and Insights from Clinical Trials.

First-line treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) encompass a wide range of pharmacotherapies and psychotherapies. However, many patients fail to respond to such interventions, highlighting the need for novel approaches. Due to its ability to modulate cortical activity, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) could represent a valuable therapeutic tool.

Parent and Child Predictors of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptomatology during COVID-19.

The COVID-19 emergency has fostered an increasing risk of experiencing distress and negative emotions in parents that turned into heightened stress for children. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effects of parental stress, children's resilience, and previous adversities on the development of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children. A series of questionnaires were completed by 158 Italian parents (148 mothers, 10 fathers, mean age = 41 years) concerning them and their school-aged children (N = 158, 76 boys, mean age = 7.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the orbitofrontal cortex reduces delay discounting.

Delay discounting (DD) is a quantifiable psychological phenomenon that regulates decision-making. Nevertheless, the neural substrates of DD and its relationship with other cognitive domains are not well understood. The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a potential candidate for supporting the expression of DD, but due to its wide involvement in several psychological functions and neural networks, its central role remains elusive.

We need to talk: The urgent conversation on chronic pain, mental health, prescribing patterns and the opioid crisis.

The opioid crisis' pathways from first exposure onwards to eventual illnesses and fatalities are multiple, intertwined and difficult to dissect. Here, we offer a multidisciplinary appraisal of the relationships among mental health, chronic pain, prescribing patterns worldwide and the opioid crisis. Because the opioid crisis' toll is especially harsh on young people, emphasis is given on data regarding the younger strata of the population.

Neural Correlates of Delay Discounting in the Light of Brain Imaging and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: What We Know and What Is Missed.

In decision making, the subjective value of a reward declines with the delay to its receipt, describing a hyperbolic function. Although this phenomenon, referred to as delay discounting (DD), has been extensively characterized and reported in many animal species, still, little is known about the neuronal processes that support it. Here, after drawing a comprehensive portrait, we consider the latest neuroimaging and lesion studies, the outcomes of which often appear contradictory among comparable experimental settings.

A Twin Study of the Relationships between Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome and Anxiety Phenotypes in Childhood and Adolescence.

Data on the etiological factors underlying the co-occurrence of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) with anxiety symptoms are very limited. The present study investigated the nature of latent shared etiological elements in 400 Italian twin pairs aged 8-18, explaining the covariation between CDS and anxiety symptoms. Preliminary analysis demonstrated significant correlations between Child Behaviour Checklist/6-18 Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale and two (Somatic Anxiety, Generalized Anxiety) out of five Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders anxiety subscales.

Age-Related Variations of Genetic and Environmental Contributions to the Covariation of Fear, Distress and Externalizing Symptoms: A Twin Study in Childhood and Adolescence.

The frequency with which Internalizing and Externalizing symptoms co-occur suggests that, behind both domains, there may be a common susceptibility represented by a general psychopathology factor. However, it's still unclear whether this common susceptibility is affected by age-related variations. Internalizing (i.

The developmental trajectories of the behavioral phenotype and neuropsychiatric functioning in Cornelia de Lange and Rubinstein Taybi syndromes: A longitudinal study.

Several changes in the behavioral phenotype arise with the growth of children affected by Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) and Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome (RSTS). However, previous research relied on a cross-sectional study design turning into age-related comparisons of different syndromic cohorts to explore age-dependent changes. We aim to outline the variating pathways of the neuropsychiatric functioning across the lifespan in CdLS and RSTS, through the setting up of a longitudinal study design.

Shared genetic influences between depression and conduct disorder in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Introduction: The co-occurrence between major depression disorder (MDD) and conduct disorder (CD) is common across development and represents a significant risk factor for future psychiatric problems and long-term impairment. Large-scale quantitative genetic studies suggest that the MDD-CD co-occurrence may be partly explained by shared genetic vulnerability factors, in line with transdiagnostic models of psychopathology, but no systematic synthesis of the literature is currently available.

Methods: We therefore conducted a systematic review of the available genetic literature on the co-occurrence between MDD and CD in children and adolescents.

Parenting Programs to Reduce Recurrence of Child Maltreatment in the Family Environment: A Systematic Review.

Physical maltreatment is a public health issue affecting millions of children in their lifetime, with a high risk of recurrency. Although there are several parenting programs (PPs) available, existing reviews on their effectiveness in preventing physical abuse recurrences have many limitations. The current systematic review aims at (1) providing a summary of evidence on the effectiveness of behavioral/cognitive-behavioral PPs in preventing physical re-abuse; (2) extending previous reviews by including reduction of child maltreatment recurrence as the main outcome but also focusing on the effect of PPs on maltreatment risk, parent and child psychopathology, and parent-child relationship; and (3) including only RCT with at least one follow-up.

Cooperation with Teachers as a Mediator of the Relationship between Family Conflict and Children's Psychological Difficulties.

Parent-child conflict can have a series of negative consequences concerning youth emotional and behavioral development. The link between family conflict and children's externalizing symptoms is well established, whereas the association with internalizing symptoms is less explored. Within the school context, children are engaged in other meaningful relationships (i.

Age-related hallmarks of psychopathology in Cornelia de Lange and Rubinstein-Taybi syndromes.

Background And Aim: There is mounting evidence highlighting that Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) and Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome's (RSTS) behavioral phenotypes are not stable over individual developmental trajectories and that several psychiatric disorders might arise with age. Our study aims to examine the specific hallmarks of psychopathology and behavioral phenotypes in four different age ranges: infancy and toddlerhood, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence, in both genetic syndromes.

Method: The sample included 44 patients with CdLS (48% boys, age = 6.

Prevalence of Pain Management Techniques Among Adults With Chronic Pain in the United States, 2019.

This cross-sectional study estimates the prevalence of opioid and nonopioid pain management techniques used by US adults with chronic pain.

The Cool Kids as a School-Based Universal Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Anxiety: Results of a Pilot Study.

The efficacy of the Cool Kids program has been consistently demonstrated both within Australia and internationally, but limited data are available on the use of Cool Kids as a universal program. The purpose of the study is to evaluate Cool Kids as a universal program for preventing childhood anxiety in the school context. There were 73 Italian children (35 boys and 36 girls, ages 10-13 years) attending the last year of primary school and the first year of middle school who participated in an active intervention based on a school adaptation of the Cool Kids protocol.

Behavioral markers of social anxiety in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: A brief systematic review.

Background: There is evidence that social impairments in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) differ from those observed in idiopathic autism as they are characterized mainly by social anxiety. However, the knowledge of the fundamental features of social anxiety symptoms in this target population is limited. This brief systematic review aims to investigate the relationship between social anxiety and CdLS through multiple cross-sectional comparisons.

Italian Children's Well-Being after Lockdown: Predictors of Psychopathological Symptoms in Times of COVID-19.

The first Italian lockdown imposed to fight the spread of COVID-19 caused important disruptions in families' everyday lives. The main aim of this research was to investigate the predictors of psychopathology in children aged 5-10 years, immediately after the national 2-month lockdown. A total of 158 Italian parents (148 mothers, 10 fathers, mean age = 41 years) were recruited and asked to complete an online research concerning their 158 children (76 boys, mean age = 7.