Consumption of a Sourdough-Leavened Croissant Enriched with a Blend of Fibers Influences Fasting Blood Glucose in a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Subjects.

Background: An incorrect lifestyle, including diet, is responsible for the worldwide dramatic increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Increasing dietary fiber consumption may lead to health benefits, and reformulation of bakery products may be a strategy to globally improve the diet.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of a 2-wk breakfast consumption with a sourdough-leavened croissant containing a blend of dietary fiber from 10 sources (4.

Potential bioaccessibility and bioavailability of polyphenols and functional properties of tiger nut beverage and its by-product during digestion.

"Horchata de chufa" is a beverage produced from tiger nut tubers, which yields a high amount of by-product. This study explored the functional properties of the Spanish tiger nut beverage (TNB) and its by-product (TNBP) together with the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of polyphenols . TNB and TNBP were characterized for polyphenols LC/MS/MS and underwent digestion (INFOGEST).

Food bioactive peptides: functionality beyond bitterness.

Bitter taste is an aversive taste because it is unconsciously associated with toxic compounds. However, a considerable variability in bitter sensitivity exists in those who have the genetic polymorphism for bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs). Besides the oral cavity, TAS2Rs are present in many body tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract; therefore, they are crucial players both in the gustatory/hedonic system and in the homeostatic system, triggering numerous biological responses, including adipogenesis, carcinogenesis, or immunity.

Relationships between diet and gut microbiome in an Italian and Dutch cohort: does the dietary protein to fiber ratio play a role?

Purpose: To investigate the relationships between the habitual diet, the protein to fiber ratio (P/F), and the gut microbiome in one Italian and one Dutch cohort of healthy subjects consuming an omnivore diet.

Methods: The Italian cohort included 19 males (M_IT, BMI 25.2 ± 0.

Why do mothers mix milk feed their infants? Results from a systematic review.

Context: Combining or supplementing breastfeeding with formula feeding, also called mixed milk feeding (MMF), is a common infant feeding practice. However, there is no well-established MMF evidence-base for informing and guiding parents. A better understanding of the reasons why mothers practice MMF may facilitate identification of efficient strategies for supporting exclusive breastfeeding, and/or opportunities to prolong breastfeeding, at least partially.

Casein-phenol interactions occur during digestion and affect bioactive peptide and phenol bioaccessibility.

Casein (CN) represents many proline residues that may bind polyphenols. Some evidence exists of CN-polyphenols interaction in model systems. The formation of such interactions upon digestion and the effects on CN digestibility and potential functionality due to the release of bioactive peptides are obscure.

Milk protein digestion and the gut microbiome influence gastrointestinal discomfort after cow milk consumption in healthy subjects.

Many healthy people suffer from milk-related gastrointestinal discomfort (GID) despite not being lactose intolerant; the mechanisms underpinning such condition are unknown. This study aimed to explore milk protein digestion and related physiological responses (primary outcome), gut microbiome and gut permeability in 19 lactose-tolerant healthy nonhabitual milk consumers [NHMCs] reporting GID after consuming cow milk compared to 20 habitual milk consumers [HMCs] without GID. NHMCs and HMCs participated in a milk-load (250 mL) test, underwent blood sample collection at 6 time points over 6 h after milk consumption and collected urine samples and GID self-reports over 24 h.

The Maillard reaction end product -carboxymethyllysine is metabolized in humans and the urinary levels of the microbial metabolites are associated with individual diet.

During food processing most of the thermally-driven chemical reactions start off on the side chain amino group of lysine generating structurally modified compounds with specific metabolic routes. Upon human digestion, dietary -carboxymethyllysine (CML) may enter the colon and undergo gut microbial metabolism. However, little is known about the metabolic fate of dietary CML and its relationship with the habitual diet.

Baobab-Fruit Shell and Fibrous Filaments Are Sources of Antioxidant Dietary Fibers.

Since 2008, baobab-fruit dried pulp is listed as an ingredient on the European Union's Novel Food Catalogue. By pulp production, 80% of the baobab fruit is discarded, forming side streams, namely, shell, fibrous filaments, and seeds. This study explored pulp and side-stream functional properties, including total dietary fiber (TDF), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), polyphenols, and water- (WHC) and oil-holding capacities (OHC), along with endocannabinoids (ECs) and N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) in pulp, seeds, and seed oil.

Mediterranean diet consumption affects the endocannabinoid system in overweight and obese subjects: possible links with gut microbiome, insulin resistance and inflammation.

Purpose: To investigate whether a Mediterranean diet (MD) affected the plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids (ECs), N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and their specific ratios in subjects with lifestyle risk factors for metabolic diseases. To identify the relationship between circulating levels of these compounds and gut microbiome, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation.

Methods: A parallel 8-week randomised controlled trial was performed involving 82 overweight and obese subjects aged (mean ± SEM) 43 ± 1.

Endocannabinoids, endocannabinoid-like molecules and their precursors in human small intestinal lumen and plasma: does diet affect them?

Purpose: To determine the small intestinal concentration of endocannabinoids (ECs), N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and their precursors N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) in humans. To identify relationships between those concentrations and habitual diet composition as well as individual inflammatory status.

Methods: An observational study was performed involving 35 participants with an ileostomy (18W/17M, aged 18-70 years, BMI 17-40 kg/m).