Correction: Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter species among diarrheal patients from three major hospitals in Ethiopia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.

Prevalence and factors associated with laboratory-confirmed cases of select enteric infections in three Ethiopian communities, 2018-2022.

Enteric diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, in Ethiopia, information on the prevalence of enteric infections and associated trends is limited. Understanding the epidemiology of enteric infections is necessary for determining disease burden and allocating resources. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of laboratory-confirmed infections associated with select parasitic and bacterial pathogens in three Ethiopian hospitals, assess trends, and identify associated factors.

GLP-1 agonists in glycemic and weight control of type 2 diabetes. New perspectives.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are interrelated global problems affecting 988 and 537 million people, respectively, figures that are continuously increasing. Obesity is a key factor in DM2, as it intensifies insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, accelerating disease progression. Weight loss improves glycemic control, reduces the occurrence of comorbidities and, in some cases, induces diabetes remission.

Environmental risk factors associated with community diarrheal disease in Ethiopia.

Background: Diarrhea is a major contributor to mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to improved sanitation and clean water is limited. Identifying factors associated with diarrhea across geographical regions and age groups can inform resource allocation toward water infrastructure, healthcare, and disease mitigation. The objective of this study was to identify environmental risk factors associated with diarrhea in the general population across multiple communities in Ethiopia.

Use of the Delphi method as an instrument of community participation in health needs assessment.

We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the usefulness of the Delphi technique for facilitating community participation in local health needs assessments within the Andalusian Local Health Action Network, Spain. We developed an ad hoc online questionnaire based on the Social Determinants of Health model and applied it to a panel of experts in two municipalities in the province of Seville (Andalusia, Spain) between May and June 2021. Our results reflected good panelist participation.

Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter species among diarrheal patients from three major hospitals in Ethiopia.

Diarrheal illness remains a major global health challenge, causing millions of deaths annually. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and Campylobacter species (CAMPY) significantly contribute to this burden. Given the limited information on these pathogens in Ethiopia, this study aimed to estimate their prevalence among diarrhea patients in Ethiopia and identify risk factors for infection.

Insights and future directions: Applying the One Health approach in international agricultural research for development to address food systems challenges.

For more than 15 years, the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) has been striving to understand and address One Health challenges at the intersection of livestock, humans, and the environment. We present an overview of ILRI One Health projects implemented with partners across Asia and Africa, reflecting on key learnings and future directions for One Health research and food systems transformation. Drawing on a review of peer-reviewed and grey literature, we analyzed processes and outcomes of ILRI-led and supported initiatives using a realist evaluation framework (context, mechanisms, outcomes), and present insights within select One Health topic areas such as zoonoses, food safety, antimicrobial resistance.

The heterogeneous association between education and the adoption of safe food handling practices in Ethiopia.

Background: Foodborne disease is a great concern to low- and middle-income countries. To prevent illness and death, intervention strategies need to be implemented across the food safety system and should include promoting the adoption of safe food handling practices. The positive association between education and health has been well-established, and one possible mechanism is that education may improve health by encouraging individuals to adopt more appropriate protective practices.

Hand-Washing Habits in a Sample of Spanish Soft Contact Lens Wearers.

Contact lens (CL) wear is a safe method for the correction of refractive errors. However, rare, severe ocular complications may occur which may lead to visual loss. As most of these complications are related to poor patient compliance with care and maintenance instructions, resulting in the contamination of hands, CLs and accessories, it was the purpose of this study to assess hand-washing habits in a sample of Spanish soft CL wearers.

How do food safety technical working groups within a One Health framework work? Experiences from Vietnam and Ethiopia.

Background: Persistent challenges of fragmented, food safety management in low- and middle-income countries underscore the need for more robustly coordinated mechanisms. National food safety technical working groups, operating under a One Health framework, offer potential in streamlining coordination efforts to effectively address these challenges. However, more clarity regarding their formation and functioning is important for understanding how to best establish and support such groups.

Processing speed mediates the relationship between DDR1 and psychosocial functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder presenting psychotic symptoms.

The DDR1 locus is associated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia and with processing speed in patients with schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis. Here, we investigated whether DDR1 variants are associated with bipolar disorder (BD) features. First, we performed a case‒control association study comparing DDR1 variants between patients with BD and healthy controls.

Rheological and Viscoelastic Analysis of Hybrid Formulations for Topical Application.

The rheological and viscoelastic properties of hybrid formulations composed of vehicles designed for cutaneous topical application and loaded with ultradeformable liposomes (UDL) were assessed. UDL were selected for their established ability to transport both lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds through the skin, and are applicable in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Formulations underwent flow analysis and were fitted to the Herschel-Bulkley model due to their prevalent non-Newtonian behavior in most cases.

The Latin American Federation of Biophysical Societies (LAFeBS).

The Latin American Federation of Biophysical Societies (LAFeBS) was constituted in 2007 in Montevideo, Uruguay, as a collaborative effort among the Biophysical Societies of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. This visionary collaboration foresees the future of Biophysics in Latin America. In this commentary, we will briefly review the history of LAFeBS, the remarkable path undertaken since its foundation 16 years ago, and its key initiative, the Latin American Postgraduate Program in Biophysics (POSLATAM).

Fifty years of biophysics in Argentina.

In 1972, a group of young Argentinean scientists nucleated in the so-called Membrane Club constituted the Biophysical Society of Argentina (SAB). Over the years, this Society has grown and embraced new areas of research and emerging technologies. In this commentary, we provide an overview of the early stages of biophysics development in Argentina and highlight some of the notable achievements made during the past five decades.

Rheological, Physical, and Spectroscopical Characterization of Gamma-Irradiated Albumin Nanoparticles Loaded with Anthocyanin.

Anthocyanins are the main active compounds in blueberry. However, they have poor oxidation stability. If anthocyanins are encapsulated in protein nanoparticles, their oxidation resistance could be increased as a result of the slowing down of the oxidation process.

Consumer Demand for Milk and the Informal Dairy Sector Amidst COVID-19 in Nairobi, Kenya.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had large negative effects on countries' economies and individual well-being throughout the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Pandemic-related changes in behavior and government restrictions in Kenya may have negatively affected food supply chains and household food access; however, the empirical evidence is currently limited.

Objectives: The study explored changes in informal milk markets, dairy consumption, and food insecurity among low-income households in urban and periurban Nairobi, Kenya, following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country.

Are Patients Sufficiently Informed about Contact Lens Wear and Care?

Significance: Frequent and effective patient-practitioner communication is essential to ensure that instructions regarding contact lens use, care, and maintenance are understood and followed. Given the relevance of good patient compliance, the responsibility of practitioners to provide adequate information may not be neglected.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the content and type of information licensed optometrists in Spain provide their patients during the first contact lens fitting and at follow-up visits.

Kenya's informal milk markets and the regulation-reality gap.

Motivation: Around 80% of milk in Kenya is marketed informally, providing livelihoods and contributing to the food security and nutrition of low-income consumers. Government policy, however, is focused on formalization-primarily through licensing and pasteurization-with enforcement via fines, confiscation of milk, or closing the premises of informal actors.

Purpose: This article seeks to better understand if, and why, Kenya's informal milk sector and regulatory system are disconnected from one another and how the policy-reality gap might be better bridged.

Selenium Concentration in Cattle Serum and Fodder from Two Areas in Ethiopia with Contrasting Human Selenium Concentration.

Introduction: Selenium (Se) is an essential mineral for livestock health and productivity. In cattle, Se deficiency is associated with delayed conception, growth retardation, and increased morbidity and mortality.

Methods: We conducted a survey of cattle serum (n = 224) and feed (n = 81) samples from two areas with contrasting human and cereal grain Se concentration in Ethiopia.

Strengthening causal inference from randomised controlled trials of complex interventions.

Researchers conducting randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of complex interventions face design and analytical challenges that are not fully addressed in existing guidelines. Further guidance is needed to help ensure that these trials of complex interventions are conducted to the highest scientific standards while maximising the evidence that can be extracted from each trial. The key challenge is how to manage the multiplicity of outcomes required for the trial while minimising false positive and false negative findings.

Aflatoxin exposure among children of age 12-59 Months in Butajira District, South-Central Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study.

Background: The continued provision of safe food, free of aflatoxin remains a huge challenge in developing countries. Despite several favourable climatic conditions that facilitate aflatoxin contamination in Ethiopia, there is little information showing aflatoxin exposure in children. Therefore, this study assessed aflatoxin exposure among young children in Butajira district, South-Central Ethiopia.

Prevalence, Antibiogram, and Multidrug-Resistant Profile of O157: H7 in Retail Raw Beef in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

O157:H7 is an emerging foodborne pathogen of public health importance. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and multidrug-resistant profile of O157:H7 isolated from raw beef sold in butcher shops in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 384 raw beef samples were collected from randomly selected butcher shops across the 10 sub-cities of Addis Ababa.

Compliance versus Risk Awareness with Contact Lens Storage Case Hygiene and Replacement.

Significance: Compliance with hygiene and replacement of contact lens (CL) storage cases is key to avoid CL contamination and anterior ocular surface complications. However, compliance levels with these accessories remain low, even in patients with awareness of the risk associated with noncompliance.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine level of compliance with common practices regarding CL storage case hygiene and replacement, type of information provided by practitioners, and risk perception.