Effects of Sociodemographic Factors on Access to and Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease in the United States.

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are complex conditions affecting the heart and/or great vessels that are present at birth. These defects occur in approximately 9 in every 1000 live births. From diagnosis to intervention, care has dramatically improved over the last several decades.

Effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on neuronal spiking activity in the substantia nigra pars compacta in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients undergoing subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) therapy can reduce levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) by approximately 50 %, leading to less symptoms of dyskinesia. The underlying mechanisms contributing to this reduction remain unclear, but studies posit that STN-DBS may increase striatal dopamine levels by exciting remaining dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Yet, no direct evidence has shown how SNc neuronal activity responds during STN-DBS in PD.

Ventral pallidum deep brain stimulation attenuates acute partial, generalized and tonic-clonic seizures in two rat models.

Approximately 30% of individuals with epilepsy are refractory to antiepileptic drugs and currently approved neuromodulatory approaches fall short of providing seizure freedom for many individuals with limited utility for generalized seizures. Here, we expand on previous findings and investigate whether ventral pallidum deep brain stimulation (VP-DBS) can be efficacious for various acute seizure phenotypes. For rats administered pilocarpine, we found that VP-DBS (50 Hz) decreased generalized stage 4/5 seizure median frequency from 9 to 6 and total duration from 1667 to 264 s even after generalized seizures emerged.