Nationwide Brain Tumor Registry-based Study of Adult Intracranial Ependymoma in Japan.

Ependymoma, a rare neuroepithelial malignancy of the central nervous system, affects both children and adults and may occur anywhere along the neuroaxis. This study aimed to analyze the treatment outcomes of adult intracranial ependymoma cases in Japan using data from the Brain Tumor Registry of Japan between 2001 and 2008. The dataset comprised 169 eligible patients after applying exclusion criteria, such as subependymoma and myxopapillary ependymoma cases.

Dissecting the Immunological Microenvironment of Glioma Based on IDH Status: Implications for Immunotherapy.

Gliomas, particularly IDH-wildtype ones, are associated with poor prognosis, yet their immunological landscape remains uncertain. We analyzed RNA sequencing data from 55 glioma patients, estimating immune infiltration with CIBERSORTx and immune cell states via Ecotyper. IDH-wildtype gliomas showed significantly higher immune cell infiltration ( = 0.

Efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery for large cystic brain metastases: a comparison with and without cyst aspiration via Ommaya reservoir.

To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of large cystic brain metastases. A retrospective analysis was conducted. Large cystic brain metastases were defined as cyst volume ≥ 5 mL.

Nasal immature teratoma in an elderly patient: Clinicopathological and epigenetic analogies with central nervous system counterparts, alongside genomic divergences.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are categorized as gonadal or extra-gonadal, based on the origin. Extra-gonadal GCTs predominantly manifest within the central nervous system (CNS), mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and sacrococcygeal region. These malignancies are most frequently diagnosed in the pediatric, adolescent, and young adult demographics.

Central Neurocytoma Treated Using Supratentorial Ventricle Radiotherapy: A Single-Institution Analysis of Five Cases in Adjuvant or Salvage Settings After Surgery.

Introduction: Central neurocytoma (CN) is an extremely rare tumor primarily located in the supratentorial ventricular system, categorized as a glioneuronal or neuronal tumor.

Methods: This study presented a retrospective analysis of five CN patients who received adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy. Patients, aged 31-59 years, underwent radiation doses ranging from 60 Gy to 50.

Advancement of fluorescent aminopeptidase probes for rapid cancer detection-current uses and neurosurgical applications.

Surgical resection is considered for most brain tumors to obtain tissue diagnosis and to eradicate or debulk the tumor. Glioma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor, generally has a poor prognosis despite the multidisciplinary treatments with radical resection and chemoradiotherapy. Surgical resection of glioma is often complicated by the obscure border between the tumor and the adjacent brain tissues and by the tumor's infiltration into the eloquent brain.

Region-specific DNA hydroxymethylation along the malignant progression of IDH-mutant gliomas.

The majority of low-grade isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant (IDH) gliomas undergo malignant progression (MP), but their underlying mechanism remains unclear. IDH gliomas exhibit global DNA methylation, and our previous report suggested that MP could be partly attributed to passive demethylation caused by accelerated cell cycles. However, during MP, there is also active demethylation mediated by ten-eleven translocation, such as DNA hydroxymethylation.

Glioblastoma with high O6-methyl-guanine DNA methyltransferase expression are more immunologically active than tumors with low expression.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly lethal brain tumor. The effectiveness of temozolomide (TMZ) treatment in GBM is linked to the methylation status of O6-methyl-guanine DNA methyltransferase () promoter. Patients with unmethylated promoter have limited treatment options available.

Soft tissue Reconstruction Using Pedicled Trapezius Musculocutaneous Flap for Cranial Bone Flap Infection in the Occipital Region.

When managing cranial bone flap infections, infected bone flaps are typically removed and subsequently replaced with artificial bones 6 to 12 months after the inflammation subsides. However, defects in the occipital region pose challenges due to concerns regarding brain protection when patients lie in the supine position. Herein, the authors report the case of a 73-year-old woman with an occipital bone flap infection, which was successfully managed by reconstruction with a trapezius musculocutaneous flap immediately after removing the infected bone flap.

Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes arising from the internal auditory canal of an adult: Illustrative case with molecular investigations.

Embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMRs) are aggressive central nervous system (CNS) tumors that usually occur in young children. Here, we describe the first incidence of ETMR in an adult patient that also originated in the novel location of the internal auditory canal (IAC). The 36-year-old patient initially presented with unsteadiness, diplopia, and tinnitus.

Intraventricular central neurocytoma molecularly defined as extraventricular neurocytoma: a case representing the discrepancy between clinicopathological and molecular classifications.

Central neurocytoma (CN) is classically defined by its intraventricular location, neuronal/neurocytic differentiation, and histological resemblance to oligodendroglioma. Extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN) shares similar histological features with CN, while it distributes any site without contact with the ventricular system. CN and EVN have distinct methylation landscapes, and EVN has a signature fusion gene, FGFR1-TACC1.

PTPN11 variant may be a prognostic indicator of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma in a comprehensive genomic profiling cohort.

Purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor and has a poor prognosis. Identifying novel targets and stratification strategies is urgently needed to improve patient survival. The present study aimed to identify clinically relevant genomic alterations in IDH-wildtype GBM using data from comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) assays performed nationwide in Japan.

CHD5 gene variant predicts leptomeningeal metastasis after surgical resection of brain metastases of breast cancer.

Purpose: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a complication of surgery for brain metastasis and is a risk factor of poor prognosis. The risk of LM is particularly high after surgery for a breast cancer metastasis to the brain. If the risk of LM after surgical resection for a brain metastasis were predictable, appropriate adjuvant therapy could be administered to individual patients to improve their prognosis.

Lymphoproliferative disorder during temozolomide therapy; a representative case of a formidable complication and management challenges.

Background: Lymphoproliferative disorder represents a heterogeneous clinicopathological spectrum characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of lymphocytes. Immunodeficiency is a major trigger of its development. While induction of immunodeficiency is a well-known adverse effect of temozolomide therapy, development of lymphoproliferative disorder following temozolomide therapy has not previously been described.

Recurrent glioblastoma metastatic to the lumbar vertebra: A case report and literature review: Surgical oncology.

Background: Glioblastoma is a malignant tumor, and its prognosis is as poor as 1.5 to 2 years. Most cases recur within one year even under the standard treatment.