Ultrasound assisted synthesis of biodiesel from karanja oil by interesterification: Intensification studies and optimization using RSM.

The present work deals with the optimization of interesterification of karanja oil using response surface methodology (RSM) analysis with intensification studies based on the use of ultrasound. Esterification of karanja oil was performed as a pretreatment under fixed optimum conditions of molar ratio of 1:10, catalyst loading of 3.5% and temperature of 60 °C to reduce the acid value from initial of 10.