Enhanced antimicrobial activity against oral bacteria Actinomyces viscous by cinnamaldehyde emulsion microencapsulated with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase-catalyzed products.

Actinomyces viscous (A. viscous) is well documented as a major cariogenic bacterium in the oral cavity and needs to be inhibited and removed timely. Essential oils (EOs) are recognized as secure antibacterial agents for treating oral diseases, but their volatility and insolubility limit their application.

Enhancement of β-Cyclodextrin Production Using a Glycogen Debranching Enzyme from STB09.

Efficient production of cyclodextrins (CDs) has always been challenging. CDs are primarily produced from starch via cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase), which acts on α-1,4 glucosidic bonds; however, α-1,6 glucosidic bonds in starch suppress the enzymatic production of CDs. In this study, a glycogen debranching enzyme from STB09 (SsGDE) was utilized to promote the production of β-CD by hydrolyzing α-1,6 glucosidic bonds.

A new micro-agar dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oils against microorganisms.

Essential oils (EOs) from plants have attracted wide attention due to their unique flavors and antimicrobial, insecticidal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Antimicrobial activity, the main reason for their widespread use in the food industry, can be determined in vitro by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), which is a key step to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of EOs. However, EOs are lipophilic and insoluble, resulting in the difficulty of accurately measuring their MIC values.

A review of controlled release from cyclodextrins: release methods, release systems and application.

The controlled release of guest molecules from cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complexes is very important for specific industrial applications in foods, medicine, cosmetics, textiles, agriculture, environmental protection, and chemical materials. The term "controlled release" encompasses several related methods, including those referred to as immediate release, sustained release and targeted release. Many different CD-based controlled release systems are currently used in practical applications.

A two-stage modification method using 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme lowers the in vitro digestibility of corn starch.

Samples of granular corn starch were treated with 1,4-α-glucan branching enzyme (GBE) for 20 h using three different methods. These GBE modification methods all increased glycosidic linkage ratio, cyclic glucan content, and proportion of short chains while reducing weight mean molecular weight. The in vitro digestion rates of the modified starches were suppressed.

Variants at position 603 of the CGTase from Bacillus circulans STB01 for reducing product inhibition.

Inhibition of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTases) by their product cyclodextrins limits the efficiency of cyclodextrin production. In an effort to produce variants with good activity but reduced product inhibition, six mutants were constructed at position 603 of the CGTase from Bacillus circulans STB01, which exhibits mixed-type product inhibition. In a kinetic analysis, N603I showed reduced noncompetitive inhibition while N603K, N603H and N603R showed increased noncompetitive inhibition.

Clinical Effect of Intravenous Vitamin C on Viral Myocarditis in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To comprehensively compare the effects of conventional therapy combined with intravenous vitamin C and conventional therapy on viral myocarditis in children through a meta-analysis.

Methods: Relevant articles including clinical trials of normal treatment combined with intravenous vitamin C and conventional therapy for viral myocarditis in children that were published between January 2000 and February 2018 were selected from PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and WANFANG database. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane systematic review method (version 5.

Leu600 mutations decrease product inhibition of the β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans STB01.

The limits that cyclodextrin products impose on their industrial production from starch by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTases) are a severe problem. In this paper, mutants at residue Leu600 of the β-CGTase from Bacillus circulans STB01 were constructed in an effort to decrease the product inhibition exhibited by β-cyclodextrin. A kinetic analysis of the inhibition of the wild-type and mutant β-CGTases by β-cyclodextrin revealed that the mutations do not alter the inhibition mode, which is mixed-type.