Transforming Cancer Care: A Narrative Review on Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Advance Immunotherapy in Underserved Communities.

: Cancer immunotherapy has transformed oncology, but underserved populations face persistent disparities in access and outcomes. This review explores how artificial intelligence (AI) can help mitigate these barriers. : We conducted a narrative review based on peer-reviewed literature selected for relevance to artificial intelligence, cancer immunotherapy, and healthcare challenges, without restrictions on publication date.

Comparative transcriptomic analysis of mouse macrophages infected with live attenuated vaccine strains of .

The BCG vaccine has been used against tuberculosis (TB) for over a hundred years; however, it does not protect adults from pulmonary TB. To develop alternative vaccines against TB, we generated H37Rv (Mtb)-derived vaccine strains by rationally deleting key virulent genes, resulting in single (), double (DKO; ), triple (TKO-D; and TKO-Z; ), and quadruple (QKO; ) strains. To understand how macrophages, the host cells that defend against infection and process antigens for presentation to immune cells, respond to these vaccine strains, we performed transcriptomic analyses of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) infected with these strains.

A Snapshot of the Role of Estrogen-Regulated Divergent Non-Coding Transcripts.

Recent high-throughput sequencing technologies have discovered various polymerase II transcribed transcripts. The majority of them are non-protein-coding, understudied, and poorly conserved. Noncoding transcripts are categorized based on their location in the genome and the direction in which they are transcribed; these categories classify a noncoding transcript as either antisense, intergenic, or divergent.

Integrated multi-omics analyses of synaptosomes revealed synapse-associated novel targets in Alzheimer's disease.

Synapse dysfunction is an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) caused by various factors, including amyloid beta, p-tau, inflammation, and aging. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying synapse dysfunction in AD remains largely unknown. To understand this, we comprehensively analyzed the synaptosomes fraction in post-mortem brain samples from AD patients and cognitively normal individuals.

X-Linked Cancer-Associated Polypeptide (XCP) from Cooperates with PHF8 to Regulate Gene Expression and Cellular Pathways in Breast Cancer.

Recent studies have demonstrated that a subset of long "noncoding" RNAs (lncRNAs) produce functional polypeptides and proteins. In this study, we discovered a 132 amino acid protein in human breast cancer cells named XCP (X-linked Cancer-associated Polypeptide), which is encoded by (a.k.

TCF7l2 Regulates Fatty Acid Chain Elongase HACD3 during Lipid-Induced Stress.

The transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes is crucial for maintaining metabolic homeostasis under cellular stress conditions. Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7l2 or TCF4) is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and functions as a transcription factor for various gluconeogenic genes. T2D often coexists with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) due to common underlying mechanisms and shared risk factors such as insulin resistance and obesity.

Unlocking the Microbial Symphony: The Interplay of Human Microbiota in Cancer Immunotherapy Response.

Introduction: The emergence of cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, offering remarkable outcomes for patients across various malignancies. However, the heterogeneous response to immunotherapy underscores the necessity of understanding additional factors influencing treatment efficacy. Among these factors, the human microbiota has garnered significant attention for its potential role in modulating immune response.

Long non-coding RNA transcripts in -host interactions.

Tuberculosis (TB) persists as a significant health threat, affecting millions of people all over the world. Despite years of control measures, the elimination of TB has become a difficult task as morbidity and mortality rates remain unaffected for several years. Developing new diagnostics and therapeutics is paramount to keeping TB under control.

Integrated Multi-Omics Analyses of Synaptosomes Revealed Synapse-Centered Novel Targets in Alzheimer's Disease.

Synapse dysfunction is an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) caused by various factors such as Amyloid beta, p-tau, inflammation, and aging. However, the exact molecular mechanism of synapse dysfunction in AD is largely unknown. To understand this, we comprehensively analyzed the synaptosome fraction in postmortem brain samples from AD patients and cognitively normal individuals.

Racial/ethnic differences in the clinical presentation and survival of breast cancer by subtype.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) affects racial and ethnic groups differently, leading to disparities in clinical presentation and outcomes. It is unclear how Hispanic ethnicity affects BC outcomes based on geographic location and proximity to the United States (U.S.

Differential Expression of lncRNAs in HIV Patients with TB and HIV-TB with Anti-Retroviral Treatment.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among people with HIV-1 infection. To improve the diagnosis and treatment of HIV-TB patients, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying these conditions. Here, we used an integrated genomics approach to analyze and determine the lncRNAs that are dysregulated in HIV-TB patients and HIV-TB patients undergoing anti-retroviral therapy (ART) using a dataset available in the public domain.

Durable partial response to pembrolizumab, lenvatinib, and letrozole in a case of recurrent uterine carcinosarcoma with gene amplification.

• gene amplification occurs in 7% of uterine carcinosarcoma.•The presence of gene amplification in recurrent uterine carcinosarcoma may be targeted by aromatase inhibitors.• gene amplification may be identified through immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization or tumor targeted gene sequencing.

ZMYND8 Is a Regulator of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in ATRA-Mediated Differentiation of Neuroblastoma Cells.

Zinc Finger MYND (Myeloid, Nervy, and DEAF-1) type containing 8 (ZMYND8) is a crucial epigenetic regulator that plays a multifaceted role in governing a spectrum of vital cellular processes, encompassing proliferation, apoptosis, migration, tumor suppression, and differentiation. It has emerged as a key player in neuronal differentiation by orchestrating the expression of neuronal lineage-committed genes. The present study uncovers the role of ZMYND8 in regulating the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling axis, which is crucial for neuronal differentiation.

Live Attenuated Vaccines against Tuberculosis: Targeting the Disruption of Genes Encoding the Secretory Proteins of Mycobacteria.

Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic infectious disease affecting humans, causes over 1.3 million deaths per year throughout the world. The current preventive vaccine BCG provides protection against childhood TB, but it fails to protect against pulmonary TB.

Pathogenic mycoplasmas of humans regulate the long noncoding RNAs in epithelial cells.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), specifically long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), regulate cellular processes by affecting gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels. Emerging evidence indicates that pathogenic microbes dysregulate the expression of host lncRNAs to suppress cellular defense mechanisms and promote survival. To understand whether the pathogenic human mycoplasmas dysregulate host lncRNAs, we infected HeLa cells with (Mg) and (Mp) and assessed the expression of lncRNAs by directional RNA-seq analysis.

Mycobacterium smegmatis secreting methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) modulates cellular processes in mouse macrophages.

Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is an antioxidant repair enzyme that reduces the oxidized methionine (Met-O) in proteins to methionine (Met). Its pivotal role in the cellular processes has been well established by overexpressing, silencing, and knocking down MsrA or deleting the gene encoding MsrA in several species. We are specifically interested in understanding the role of secreted MsrA in bacterial pathogens.

The Identification and Clinical Applications of Mutated Antigens in the Era of Immunotherapy.

The era of personalized cancer therapy is here. Advances in the field of immunotherapy have paved the way for the development of individualized neoantigen-based therapies that can translate into favorable treatment outcomes and fewer side effects for patients. Addressing challenges related to the identification, access, and clinical application of neoantigens is critical to accelerating the development of individualized immunotherapy for cancer patients.

ZMYND8 suppresses MAPT213 LncRNA transcription to promote neuronal differentiation.

Zinc Finger transcription factors are crucial in modulating various cellular processes, including differentiation. Chromatin reader Zinc Finger MYND (Myeloid, Nervy, and DEAF-1) type containing 8 (ZMYND8), an All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA)-responsive gene, was previously shown to play a crucial role in promoting the expression of neuronal-lineage committed genes. Here, we report that ZMYND8 promotes neuronal differentiation by positively regulating canonical MAPT protein-coding gene isoform, a key player in the axonal development of neurons.

Functional Characterization of lncRNA152 as an Angiogenesis-Inhibiting Tumor Suppressor in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers.

Unlabelled: Long noncoding RNAs have been implicated in many of the hallmarks of cancer. Herein, we found that the expression of lncRNA152 (lnc152; a.k.

Harnessing the Immune System with Cancer Vaccines: From Prevention to Therapeutics.

Prophylactic vaccination against infectious diseases is one of the most successful public health measures of our lifetime. More recently, therapeutic vaccination against established diseases such as cancer has proven to be more challenging. In the host, cancer cells evade immunologic regulation by multiple means, including altering the antigens expressed on their cell surface or recruiting inflammatory cells that repress immune surveillance.

The paradigm of drug resistance in cancer: an epigenetic perspective.

Innate and acquired resistance towards the conventional therapeutic regimen imposes a significant challenge for the successful management of cancer for decades. In patients with advanced carcinomas, acquisition of drug resistance often leads to tumor recurrence and poor prognosis after the first therapeutic cycle. In this context, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as the prime drivers of therapy resistance in cancer due to their 'non-targetable' nature.

and Regulate a Distinct Set of Protein-Coding Genes in Epithelial Cells.

and are two significant mycoplasmas that infect the urogenital and respiratory tracts of humans. Despite distinct tissue tropisms, they both have similar pathogenic mechanisms and infect/invade epithelial cells in the respective regions and persist within these cells. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of these species in terms of bacterium-host interactions are poorly understood.

Characterization of the Testis-specific Gene Reveals Isoform-specific Roles in Controlling Biological Processes.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators of biological processes. However, the aberrant expression of an isoform from the same lncRNA gene could lead to RNA with altered functions due to changes in their conformations, leading to diseases. Here, we describe a detailed characterization of the gene that encodes long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA 01016 (, also known as ) with a focus on its structure, exon usage, and expression in human and macaque tissues.

TCF19 and p53 regulate transcription of TIGAR and SCO2 in HCC for mitochondrial energy metabolism and stress adaptation.

Alteration in glucose homeostasis during cancer metabolism is an important phenomenon. Though several important transcription factors have been well studied in the context of the regulation of metabolic gene expression, the role of epigenetic readers in this regard remains still elusive. Epigenetic reader protein transcription factor 19 (TCF19) has been recently identified as a novel glucose and insulin-responsive factor that modulates histone posttranslational modifications to regulate glucose homeostasis in hepatocytes.