Tumor-to-tumor metastasis: case report of a neuroendocrine tumor of the lung metastasizing to a benign oncocytoma of the kidney.

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis (TTM) is a rare phenomenon in which a secondary tumor colonizes within a primary tumor of a different histogenesis. It is hypothesized that TTM is encouraged by conditions that promote increased cell growth and division in the primary tumor, such as hypervascularity and expression of oncogenic cytokines. However, the exact causes of TTM likely vary on a case-by-case basis and are dependent on the microenvironment of both the primary and secondary tumors.

Body Composition as an Independent Predictive and Prognostic Biomarker in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Background: Several immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are approved for the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). There are limited biomarkers for ICI-treated patients with UC. We investigated the association between body composition and clinical outcomes in ICI-treated UC patients.

Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score associated with survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: The modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) is a composite biomarker that uses albumin and C reactive protein (CRP). There are multiple immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combinations approved for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We investigated the ability of mGPS to predict outcomes in patients with mRCC receiving ICI.

Bladder preserving chemoradiotherapy compared to surgery for variants of urothelial carcinoma and other tumors types involving the bladder: An analysis of the National Cancer Database.

Purpose: For muscle-invasive bladder cancer, bladder preserving chemoradiotherapy (BPCRT) has shown to be a viable alternative for patients with urothelial carcinoma (UCa). Traditionally bladder cancer with variant histology UCa or other tumors types involving the bladder have worse outcomes and BPCRT has been contraindicated. However, there is limited high level evidence for this recommendation.