Endoscopist deskilling risk after exposure to artificial intelligence in colonoscopy: a multicentre, observational study.

Background: It is not known if continuous exposure to artificial intelligence (AI) changes endoscopists' behaviour when conducting colonoscopy. We assessed how endoscopists who regularly used AI performed colonoscopy when AI was not in use.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study at four endoscopy centres in Poland taking part in the ACCEPT (Artificial Intelligence in Colonoscopy for Cancer Prevention) trial.

Bisoprolol for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at high risk of exacerbation: the BICS RCT.

Background: Observational studies of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using beta-blockers for cardiovascular disease indicate that beta-blocker use is associated with reduced risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. However, at the time this study was initiated, there had been no randomised controlled trials confirming or refuting this.

Objective(s): To determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of adding bisoprolol (maximal dose 5 mg once daily) to usual chronic obstructive pulmonary disease therapies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at high risk of exacerbation.

Body mass index and weight changes in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer: A sub-analysis of the APHINITY trial.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) may affect prognosis in patients with breast cancer (BC). We assessed the association of BMI and weight changes with outcomes of patients with HER2-positive early BC included in the APHINITY trial.

Methods: This is an exploratory analysis of APHINITY (NCT01358877), randomized trial testing adjuvant dual vs.

Bisoprolol in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at High Risk of Exacerbation: The BICS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Observational studies report that β-blocker use may be associated with reduced risk of COPD exacerbations. However, a recent trial reported that metoprolol did not reduce COPD exacerbations and increased COPD exacerbations requiring hospital admission.

The impact of travel time to cancer treatment centre on post-diagnosis care and mortality among cancer patients in Scotland.

Limited data exist on the effect of travelling time on post-diagnosis cancer care and mortality. We analysed the impact of travel time to cancer treatment centre on secondary care contact time and one-year mortality using a data-linkage study in Scotland with 17369 patients. Patients with longer travelling time and island-dwellers had increased incidence rate of secondary care cancer contact time.

Rural and Urban patients' Requirements and Experiences of Out-of-hours medical care after cancer (RUREO): a questionnaire study.

Objective: To investigate how individuals diagnosed with cancer use out-of-hours (OOH) medical services, describe the behavioural determinants of OOH service use and explore whether there are differences between urban and rural dwellers.

Design And Setting: A cross-sectional questionnaire study conducted in Northeast Scotland.

Participants: The questionnaire was sent to 2549 individuals diagnosed with cancer in the preceding 12 months identified through the National Health Service Grampian Cancer Care Pathway database.

Impact of Age on Clinical Outcomes and Efficacy of Adjuvant Dual Anti-HER2 Targeted Therapy.

Background: Young age at breast cancer (BC) diagnosis has historically been a rationale for overtreatment. Limited data with short follow-up exist on the prognostic value of age at diagnosis in HER2-positive BC and the benefit of anti-HER2 therapy in young patients.

Methods: APHINITY (NCT01358877) is an international, placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized phase III trial in HER2-positive early BC patients investigating the addition of pertuzumab to adjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab.

Use of the oral beta blocker bisoprolol to reduce the rate of exacerbation in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a randomised controlled trial (BICS).

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Beta blockers are well-established drugs widely used to treat cardiovascular conditions. Observational studies consistently report that beta blocker use in people with COPD is associated with a reduced risk of COPD exacerbations.

Reducing asthma attacks in children using exhaled nitric oxide (RAACENO) as a biomarker to inform treatment strategy: a multicentre, parallel, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: The benefit of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in guiding asthma treatment is uncertain. We evaluated the efficacy of adding FeNO to symptom-guided treatment in children with asthma versus only symptom-guided treatment.

Methods: RAACENO was a multicentre, parallel, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial done in 35 secondary care centres and 17 primary care recruitment sites (only seven primary care sites managed to recruit patients) in the UK.

Low-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Affect Natural Regulatory T Cell Population but Attenuates Seasonal Changes in T Cell-Produced IFN-γ: Results From the D-SIRe2 Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Seasonal variations have been reported for immune markers. However, the relative contributions of sunlight and vitamin D variability on such seasonal changes are unknown.

Objective: This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial tested whether daily 400 IU vitamin D supplementation affected short-term (12 weeks) and long-term (43 weeks) natural regulatory T cell (nTreg) populations in healthy participants.

Contemporary hormonal contraception and cervical cancer in women of reproductive age.

To determine cervical cancer risk associated with contemporary hormonal contraceptives, we conducted a cohort study of women aged 15 to 49 living in Denmark from 1995 to 2014, using routinely collected information about redeemed prescriptions, incident cancer and potential confounders. Poisson regression calculated adjusted cervical cancer risks among different contraceptive user groups by duration of use, time since last use, hormonal content and cancer histology. During >20 million person-years, 3643 incident cervical cancers occurred.

Does treatment guided by exhaled nitric oxide fraction improve outcomes in subgroups of children with asthma?

Introduction: Exhaled nitric oxide fraction ( ), a biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation, may be useful to guide asthma treatment. -guided treatment may be more effective in certain subgroups for improving asthma outcomes compared to standard treatment.

Methods: An individual patient data analysis was performed using data from seven randomised clinical trials (RCTs) which used to guide asthma treatment.

What is a clinically meaningful change in exhaled nitric oxide for children with asthma?

Introduction: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (F NO) may be a useful objective measurement to guide asthma treatment. What remains uncertain is what change in F NO is clinically significant.

Methods: An individual patient data analysis was performed using data from seven randomized clinical trials which used F NO to guide asthma treatment.

Low-dose oral theophylline combined with inhaled corticosteroids for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and high risk of exacerbations: a RCT.

Background: Despite widespread use of therapies such as inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continue to suffer, have reduced life expectancy and utilise considerable NHS resources. Laboratory investigations have demonstrated that at low plasma concentrations (1-5 mg/l) theophylline markedly enhances the anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids in COPD.

Objective: To determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of adding low-dose theophylline to a drug regimen containing ICSs in people with COPD at high risk of exacerbation.

Methodology and reporting characteristics of studies using interrupted time series design in healthcare.

Background: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard when evaluating the causal effects of healthcare interventions. When RCTs cannot be used (e.g.

Correction: Hormonal contraceptive use and risk of pancreatic cancer-A cohort study among premenopausal women.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

"It's just in that sea of things that I never cared about": perception of hepatitis B amongst university students in Aberdeen, North-East Scotland.

Background: A significant proportion of international students at UK universities are from regions with medium to high hepatitis B prevalence rates. Understanding the perception of students regarding hepatitis B infection is crucial for the development of appropriate information and services for this population group.

Methods: Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with students from the University of Aberdeen.

Pilot randomised controlled trial of Weight Watchers® referral with or without dietitian-led group support for weight loss in women treated for breast cancer: the BRIGHT (BReast cancer weIGHT loss) trial.

Background: Being overweight or obese following breast cancer diagnosis can increase cancer recurrence and mortality, so effective interventions for weight loss in this group could enhance survival. A pilot randomised controlled trial was conducted to assess whether a weight loss programme comprising generic Weight Watchers® referral offered to women treated for breast cancer with or without additional breast cancer-tailored dietetic support is feasible and shows promise for improving weight and quality of life (QoL).

Methods: Participants were randomly allocated to 3 groups: Weight Watchers® referral (for 12 sessions of meetings and digital tools) plus 5 breast cancer-tailored dietitian-led group support sessions (WW Plus:  = 14), Weight Watchers® referral only (WW:  = 16) or control (Weight Watchers® referral after 3 months,  = 15).