Visible light-triggered selective C(sp)-H/C(sp)-H coupling of benzenes with aliphatic hydrocarbons.

The direct and selective coupling of benzenes with aliphatic hydrocarbons is a promising strategy for C(sp)-C(sp) bond formation using readily available starting materials, yet it remains a significant challenge. In this study, we have developed a simplified photochemical system that incorporates catalytic amounts of iron(III) halides as multifunctional reagents and air as a green oxidant to address this synthetic problem. Under mild conditions, the reaction between a strong C(sp)-H bond and a robust C(sp)-H bond has been achieved, affording a broad range of cross-coupling products with high yields and commendable chemo-, site-selectivity.

Photochemical Synthesis of S,N,O-Containing Polyheterocycles via an α-C(sp)-H Functionalization/Radical Cyclization Cascade.

A highly effective approach based on an organophotocatalytic α-C(sp)-H functionalization/radical cyclization cascade has been developed. This method enables the synthesis of various tricyclic heterocycles containing S, O, and N atoms with excellent site selectivity and diastereoselectivity. Mechanistic investigations have confirmed that the reaction involves photoredox-triggered C(sp)-H cleavage followed by a radical cyclization and aromatization process.

Fe-Catalyzed Aliphatic C-H Methylation of Glycine Derivatives and Peptides.

Direct and selective C-H methylation is a powerful tool with which to install methyl groups into organic molecules, and is particularly useful in pharmaceutical chemistry. However, practical methods for such modification of biologically interesting targets have been rarely developed. We here report an iron-catalyzed C(sp )-H methylation reaction of glycine derivatives, peptides and drug-like molecules in an alcohol in the presence of di-tert-butyl peroxide.

Association between gene polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy risk: a meta-analysis.

A close association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 (PPAR-γ2) and the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been previously suggested. Herein, a meta-analysis was conducted to explore the association between polymorphisms and DR risk by performing a systematic search and quantitative analysis. Overall, fourteen articles involving 10,527 subjects were included.

Electrochemical Synthesis of 1-Naphthols by Intermolecular Annulation of Alkynes with 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds.

C-centered radical cyclization under electrochemical conditions is a feasible strategy for constructing cyclic structures. Reported herein is the electrochemical synthesis of highly functionalized 1-naphthols using alkynes and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds by (4 + 2) annulation of C-centered radical. Electrolysis was conducted with CpFe as redox catalyst, thereby eliminating the use of oxidants and transition-metal catalysts.

Association between rs2569190 C>T polymorphism and ischemic stroke susceptibility: a meta-analysis based on 5,277 subjects.

Introduction: Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that rs2569190 C>T polymorphism plays an important role in ischemic stroke (IS) risk, but the results were inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the association between rs2569190 C>T polymorphism and IS susceptibility.

Methods: Online databases were searched from inception up to July 1, 2018, for studies concerning rs2569190 C>T polymorphism and its association with IS susceptibility.

Stabilization of peptides against proteolysis through disulfide-bridged conjugation with synthetic aromatics.

Peptides have been promising molecular scaffolds for the development of potential therapeutics with high affinity and specificity to biomacromolecules. However, their inherent proteolytic instability significantly hampers their biological applications. Strategies that can stabilize peptides against proteolytic digestion on the basis of noncovalent interactions-without extensive manipulation of the sequence or use of unnatural residues-are greatly desired.