Successful Treatment of Cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae Infection in an Immunocompromised Patient Using Moxifloxacin and Clarithromycin.

is a ubiquitous organism classified as a nontuberculous mycobacterium that rarely causes indolent skin or soft-tissue infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Given the rarity of infection, diagnosis can be difficult because cutaneous lesions may be considered a worsening of the underlying disease or a benign condition. Here, we report a case of a rapidly progressing cutaneous infection in a patient with nephrotic syndrome.

Contact dermatitis associated with the Bispectral index™ sensor: a case report.

Background: Contact dermatitis caused by electroencephalography electrodes is rare and insufficiently studied. We described a case of contact dermatitis caused by Bispectral Index (BIS) monitor electrodes.

Case Presentation: A 38-year-old woman underwent tooth extraction under general anesthesia with BIS monitoring.

Challenges in treatment of disseminated nocardiosis in an elderly patient with renal failure on corticosteroids: a case report.

We report the case of a 71-year-old Japanese man with a history of chronic kidney disease and sarcoidosis receiving chronic corticosteroids who presented with disseminated infection. He initially showed improvement with empiric antimicrobial therapy including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. However, he deteriorated after modifying the empiric regimen due to complicated hyperkalemia and ultimately died.

SDR9C7 catalyzes critical dehydrogenation of acylceramides for skin barrier formation.

The corneocyte lipid envelope, composed of covalently bound ceramides and fatty acids, is important to the integrity of the permeability barrier in the stratum corneum, and its absence is a prime structural defect in various skin diseases associated with defective skin barrier function. SDR9C7 encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7 (SDR9C7) recently found mutated in ichthyosis. In a patient with SDR9C7 mutation and a mouse Sdr9c7-KO model, we show loss of covalent binding of epidermal ceramides to protein, a structural fault in the barrier.

Intracranial infection caused by minor skin contusion associated with previous craniotomy.

Minor damage to the scalp may lead to intracranial infection. Moreover, the postoperative state of the scalp, skull and meninges is especially noteworthy with respect to invasion of pathogens into the skull. Therefore, a detailed medical history should be obtained from patients with even minor scalp injuries to avoid intracranial infection.

Wernicke encephalopathy and pellagra in an alcoholic and malnourished patient.

Deficiency of multiple vitamins can be identified in alcoholic and malnourished patients. We report a patient with Wernicke encephalopathy, a B1 deficiency and pellagra, a niacin deficiency. A 61-year-old Japanese man presented with generalised weakness.

Severe airflow obstruction in a patient with ulcerative colitis and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A case report.

Bronchiolitis is a rare condition mainly affecting the intralobular conducting and transitional small airways. The present study describes a case of severe airflow limitation in a patient with ulcerative colitis who developed toxic epidermal necrolysis following mesalazine therapy. Forced expiratory volume in one second was decreased and a flow-volume curve showed airflow limitation, but the single-breath diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DL) and DL divided by alveolar volume (DL/VA) were not decreased.

Psoriasiform eruption associated with graft-versus-host disease.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a frequent complication of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) that can be classified as acute or chronic. Characteristic cutaneous manifestations of acute GVHD, which generally occurs within 3 months following BMT, include maculopapular exanthema and perifollicular papular lesions. Psoriasiform skin eruption as a manifestation of acute GVHD is rare.

Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 induces tumor necrosis factor-α production from keratinocytes: implication for involvement in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.

Proliferation and differentiation in the epidermis must be tightly regulated. This regulation is known to involve a range of transcription factors, including pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1), a ubiquitously distributed transcription factor that regulates keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Psoriasis is a common but refractory skin disorder, the pathophysiology of which is characterized by hyperproliferation and impaired differentiation in the epidermis.

Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 as a proliferation marker lacking prognostic value in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most frequently occurring type of cancer worldwide and is caused by epidermal carcinogenesis and malignant progression that involve dysregulated expression of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. The proto-oncogene pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor that can promote enhanced proliferation of cultured epidermal keratinocytes. To investigate the potential roles of PTTG1 in epidermal carcinogenesis and malignant progression, the expression of PTTG1 was analysed by immunohistochemistry along with Ki67, keratin 10 (K10) and p53 in tissue samples of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), actinic keratoses (AK) and Bowen's disease (BD).

Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 enhances proliferation and suppresses early differentiation of keratinocytes.

The epidermis is a self-renewing tissue, the homeostasis of which is dependent upon the tight balance between proliferation and differentiation based on appropriate regulation of the cell cycle. The cell cycle regulation is dependent on the interactions among a number of cell cycle regulatory molecules, including the pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1), also known as securin, a regulator of sister chromatid separation and transition from metaphase to anaphase. This study was conducted to clarify the less-known functions of PTTG1 in the epidermis by the use of keratinocytes cultured under two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) conditions.

Linear childhood discoid lupus erythematosus following the lines of Blaschko: successfully treated with topical tacrolimus.

The linear arrangement of discoid lupus erythematosus is uncommon. Here, we report a 6-year-old Japanese girl with linear discoid lupus erythematosus following the lines of Blaschko on her face and neck. Topical tacrolimus treatment improved the eruptions.

Overexpression of the transcription factor Yin-Yang-1 suppresses differentiation of HaCaT cells in three-dimensional cell culture.

Yin-Yang-1 (YY1) is a member of the GLI-Krüppel family of transcription factors, and both YY1 mRNA and protein expression have been identified in a number of different tissues and cell types suggesting that it is expressed both constitutively and ubiquitously. In epidermal tissue, however, we reported previously that YY1 protein is expressed at high levels in undifferentiated basal keratinocytes and is downregulated during differentiation toward the suprabasal layers. This differential expression pattern during keratinocyte differentiation suggests that YY1 may have an important role in regulating keratinocyte differentiation.