Development and challenges in the treatment of advanced gallbladder cancer (Review).

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly lethal disease and the most common cancer of the biliary tract. Numerous patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, limiting surgical options and necessitating local or systemic treatment. Despite advancements in cancer treatment, 5-year survival rates remain low.

Developments and challenges in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a significant public health challenge and is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in developed countries. Despite advances in cancer treatment, the 5-year survival rate for patients with PDAC remains less than 5%. In recent years, neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has emerged as a promising treatment option for many cancer types, including locally advanced PDAC, with the potential to improve patient outcomes.

Case report and literature review: Isolated HCC- recurrence in gallbladder after curative resection.

Background: Liver resection (LR) is considered the mainstay treatment for eligible patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and provides a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 60%-80%. However, the recurrence rate within five years after LR remains high, ranging from 40% to 70%. Recurrence in gallbladder after liver resection is extremely rare.

SMC4 enhances the chemoresistance of hepatoma cells by promoting autophagy.

Background: Drug resistance is a major contributing factor to chemotherapy failure in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the exact mechanism underlying the chemoresistance of HCC remains unknown.

Methods: HepG2 cells were incubated with different concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to test the cell survival rate.