Energetic constraints of metal-reducing bacteria as biocatalysts for microbial electrosynthesis.

Background: As outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we need to approach global net zero CO emissions by approximately 2050 to prevent warming beyond 1.5 °C and the associated environmental tipping points. Future microbial electrosynthesis (MES) systems could decrease net CO emissions by capturing it from industrial sources.

Fragile site instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes loss of heterozygosity by mitotic crossovers and break-induced replication.

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at tumor suppressor loci is a major contributor to cancer initiation and progression. Both deletions and mitotic recombination can lead to LOH. Certain chromosomal loci known as common fragile sites are susceptible to DNA lesions under replication stress, and replication stress is prevalent in early stage tumor cells.