Balancing professional responsibilities and personal well-being through the lens of professional identity formation in academic pharmacy.

Self-care and pharmacist burnout have been at the forefront of pharmacy workforce issues over the last decade and beyond, not precluding academic pharmacists. The academy has concurrently advocated for the well-being of academicians and learners alike while embracing professional identity formation (PIF) as a central tenet of what it means to be a pharmacist. PIF involves a multi-faceted process where individuals learn and change by adopting core knowledge, skills, values and beliefs of a specific profession resulting in the individual thinking, behaving and feeling like a member of that profession.

A Review of Survey Instruments and Pharmacy Student Outcomes for Stress, Burnout, Depression and Anxiety.

While the need to measure burnout, stress and mental health among pharmacy students has been emphasized in the literature, there is limited information on which validated scales should be used. The objective of this scoping review was to identify published studies that used validated scales for burnout, stress and mental health among pharmacy students to provide recommendations for implementation at schools/colleges of pharmacy. Thirty-two out of 153 articles published in the United States from 1 January 2000 to 30 September 2022 were included and categorized into studies measuring stress (20), burnout (4) and depression/anxiety (8).

Student Stress, Coping, and APPE Readiness at Two Public Institutions before and during the Pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly impacted pharmacy students' education and well-being. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the pandemic on students' perceived stress by comparing third- and fourth-year students from the pre-pandemic Class of 2019 with mid-pandemic Class of 2021 at two public institutions. Secondary aims were to evaluate the pandemic effects on students' academic and professional development skills and practice readiness.

Evaluation of a Well-being Promotion (WelPro) Program on Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) Student Burnout.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the Well-being Promotion (WelPro) program and its effect on burnout in Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) students at the University of California, San Francisco.

Methods: A longitudinal cohort study evaluating the WelPro program was conducted in the class of 2021 (Transformation, a 3-year all-year-round curriculum, and Pathway (P), a 4-year traditional curriculum) APPE students. The primary and secondary aims were to evaluate changes in emotional exhaustion (EE) scores from the beginning of year (BOY) to end of year (EOY) for the class of 2021 students and compare EOY EE scores between the classes of 2021 (P) and 2020 (P) students using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS [MP]) survey.

Impact of a Well-being Promotion Training Program on Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience Conference Leaders.

The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the attitudes and self-efficacy of advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) conference leaders after completing the Well-being Promotion (WelPro) training program developed at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Pharmacy. The WelPro training program was developed to equip participants with the knowledge and tools to assist APPE students in distress and promote student wellness. After completing the WelPro training program, a 20-item survey was administered to 10 conference leaders via a web-based survey tool to assess their attitudes about burnout and self-efficacy in assisting students in distress.

Assessment of Areas of Worklife Among Pharmacy Educators.

To assess in pharmacy academicians the six domains of worklife (community, control, fairness, reward, workload, values) that have been associated with burnout and poor job satisfaction. We aimed to assess the Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS) among a sample of pharmacy academicians attending a national meeting to evaluate personal, environmental, or workplace factors that may influence the worklife environment. Data were analyzed using SPSS, descriptive statistics were identified, and Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson correlations were performed.

Student Stress Management and Wellness Programs among Colleges of Pharmacy.

Objective: To describe the programmatic stress-related interventions that colleges of pharmacy are providing for their students.

Methods: A paper-based questionnaire was distributed to 80 college teams who attended two consecutive offerings of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy institute focused on promoting student well-being. The five-part questionnaire consisted of: 1) tracking and assessment of perceived student stress levels, 2) the types and formats of stress-coping interventions that are offered, 3) the measured impacts of any stress-coping interventions, 4) the level of faculty/staff training and involvement in student stress remediation, and 5) institutional demographics.

Item analysis of emotional exhaustion in pharmacy practice faculty.

Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to identify the single question on the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Educator Survey (MBI-ES) that correlated with high emotional exhaustion (EE) among pharmacy practice faculty.

Methods: We analyzed data collected from the electronic administration of the MBI-ES to faculty at United States (US) colleges and schools of pharmacy in 2014. For our primary outcome, we used Spearman's rho correlation (r) to identify a single question on the MBI-ES that was highly correlated with high EE (one of three subscales of MBI-ES).

Assessment of contraceptive curricula in US pharmacy programs.

Introduction: Pharmacists prescribe contraception in some states following expansions in scope of practice. Adequate education on contraception in pharmacy curricula is crucial to effectively deliver these services.

Methods: A 26-item survey assessing contraception curricula regarding was administered by email to instructors and administrators at 139 pharmacy schools in the United States.

Consideration of Aggressive and Strategic Approaches to Address Declining Enrollment in US Pharmacy Schools.

Members from Cohort 13 of the Academic Leadership Fellows Program (ALFP) 2016-2017 were challenged to present a debate on the topic: "In Turbulent Times, Pharmacy Education Leaders Must Take Aggressive Action to Prevent Further Declines in Enrollment" at the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy INfluence 2017 meeting in Rio Grande, Puerto Rico. This paper is the result of thoughtful insights emerging from this debate. We present a discussion of the question of whether pharmacy education leaders must take aggressive action or strategic approaches to prevent further declines in enrollment.

Implementation and evaluation of a women's reproductive health pharmacy elective.

Background And Purpose: To create, implement and evaluate an elective course for pharmacy students focusing on women's reproductive health topics.

Educational Activity And Setting: A course was developed that included lectures discussing contraception, infertility, preconception care, pregnancy, and postpartum health. Active learning provided in the forms of journal article review and review of drug information resources for medication use in pregnancy were utilized.

Guide for Drug Selection During Pregnancy and Lactation: What Pharmacists Need to Know for Current Practice.

Objective: To provide guidance for clinicians on risk assessment of medication use during pregnancy and lactation.

Data Sources: Authors completed PubMed searches to identify articles focused on the use of medications in pregnancy, including fetal development, drug transfer across the placenta, trimester exposure, chronic conditions in pregnancy, medications in lactation, and lactation and chronic disease.

Study Selection And Data Extraction: Articles were reviewed to provide overall guidance to medication selection during pregnancy.

Role of the community pharmacist in emergency contraception counseling and delivery in the United States: current trends and future prospects.

Women and couples continue to experience unintended pregnancies at high rates. In the US, 45% of all pregnancies are either mistimed or unwanted. Mishaps with contraceptives, such as condom breakage, missed pills, incorrect timing of patch or vaginal ring application, contraceptive nonuse, forced intercourse, and other circumstances, place women at risk of unintended pregnancy.

Emergency Contraception Algorithm and Guide for Clinicians.

There are currently three forms of emergency contraception: oral levonorgestrel, oral ulipristal acetate, and the copper intrauterine device. The copper intrauterine device is the most effective, followed by ulipristal acetate and levonorgestrel, respectively. Although levonorgestrel is the least effective method, studies show that more prescribers are familiar with it and that is the most frequently used method.

Assessment of Burnout and Associated Risk Factors Among Pharmacy Practice Faculty in the United States.

To measure the level of burnout among pharmacy practice faculty members at US colleges and schools of pharmacy and to identify factors associated with burnout. Using a cross-sectional, electronic, anonymous survey-design, we measured faculty burnout (n=2318) at US colleges and schools of pharmacy using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey (MBI-ES), which measures burnout dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. We assessed MBI-ES scores, demographics and possible predictors of burnout.

The pharmacist's role in promoting preconception health.

Objective: To review the pharmacist's role in preconception health.

Data Sources: PubMed search using the terms preconception, immunizations, epilepsy, diabetes, depression, tobacco, asthma, hypertension, anticoagulation, pharmacist, pregnancy, and current national guidelines.

Data Synthesis: Preconception health has become recognized as an important public health focus to improve pregnancy outcomes.

A nontraditional faculty development initiative using a social media platform.

Objective: To assess the outcomes from an 11-year nontraditional professional development activity implemented by female faculty members at several colleges and schools of pharmacy.

Design: Within the context of an online fantasy football league, faculty members practiced community-based faculty development strategies, including peer mentoring, skills development, constructive feedback and other supportive behaviors.

Assessment: Data were extracted from curriculum vitae to characterize the academic progress of participants and to quantify scholarly work collaborations among league members.

A pilot study evaluating genetic and environmental factors for postpartum depression.

Objective: To assess the influence of genetic and environmental risk factors upon postpartum depression.

Design: Case-control, prospective study.

Setting: The University of California at San Francisco Obstetric and Gynecology Clinic.

Characteristics of the ideal postgraduate year 1 pharmacy practice residency candidate: a survey of residency program directors.

Objective: Assess pharmacy postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residency application statistics and identify the qualities most desired in the ideal pharmacy residency candidate.

Methods: A list of PGY1 residency program directors across the United States (n = 750) was acquired, and a validated electronic survey was created. The survey contained 25 questions pertaining to program demographics, application statistics, and candidate characteristics.

Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Risk for Hospital-Acquired Clostridium difficile Infection.

Objective: To examine the relationship between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) usage and nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and determine the duration of therapy at which CDI risk increases.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective case-control study included consecutive adult patients in whom nosocomial CDI developed after hospitalization for 3 or more days at one of 2 affiliated hospitals between June 1, 2010, and October 31, 2011. These patients were matched to patients hospitalized within 6 months who did not have CDI development in a 1:2 ratio using age, sex, and antibiotic usage.

Immunizations and pregnancy: an update for pharmacists.

Objective: To review the safety of immunizations in pregnancy.

Data Sources: PubMed search using the terms vaccine, immunizations, and pregnancy, as well as current national guidelines.

Data Synthesis: Immunizations for women of childbearing age are an integral component of pregnancy planning.

Student pharmacist perspectives on providing pharmacy-access hormonal contraception services.

Objective: To assess student pharmacists' interest and opinions in providing reproductive health services, particularly hormonal contraception (HC), in their future practices.

Methods: This descriptive, nonexperimental, cross-sectional study was conducted in California between February and May 2007. Surveys were distributed to 790 second- and third-year student pharmacists to measure interest, opinions, and perceived barriers in providing HC services.

Evaluation of research training and productivity among junior pharmacy practice faculty in the United States.

Objective: To evaluate the extent of research training and productivity among junior faculty in US schools of pharmacy.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted to characterize junior faculty's (a) research training and productivity, (b) perceived ability to meet research demands, (c) confidence and resources for research, and (d) interest in receiving further research training.

Main Results: Surveys were completed by 349 faculty members (36.