Treatment outcomes and survival analysis of pediatric mature B-Cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A retrospective study comparing LMB96 and R-CHOP regimens.

Background: Mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) is a prevalent pediatric malignancy with significant treatment advancements. This study retrospectively analyzes clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and survival rates of children and adolescents diagnosed with B-NHL at Al-Hasan Al-Mojtaba Hospital between January 2014 and December 2024. A comparative analysis was performed between the LMB96 and R-CHOP regimens.

β-Arrestin 2 as a Prognostic Indicator and Immunomodulatory Factor in Multiple Myeloma.

β-arrestin 2 (ARRB2) is involved in the desensitization and trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and plays a critical role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, chemotaxis, and immune response modulation. The role of ARRB2 in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) has not been elucidated. This study addressed this question by evaluating the expression of ARRB2 in bone marrow (BM) samples from newly diagnosed MM patients and deriving correlations with key clinical outcomes.

Household Fuel Preference and Its Association with Breathing Difficulty among Rural Women in Jodhpur, Rajasthan: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Indoor air pollution is a critical global health concern and is associated with an increased incidence of respiratory infections. Despite the introduction of a subsidiary scheme, the adoption of clean fuel remains limited in rural India.

Objectives: The current study investigated the fuel preferences and its association with participants characteristics, particulate matter (PM2.

Inhibition of Sphingosine Kinase 2 Results in PARK2-Mediated Mitophagy and Induces Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma.

Mitophagy plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis by clearing damaged mitochondria. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2), a type of sphingosine kinase, is an important metabolic enzyme involved in generating sphingosine-1-phosphate. Its expression level is elevated in many cancers and is associated with poor clinical outcomes.

Thioredoxin-1 regulates self-renewal and differentiation of murine hematopoietic stem cells through p53 tumor suppressor.

Background: Thioredoxin-1 (TXN1) is one of the major cellular antioxidants in mammals and is involved in a wide range of physiological cellular responses. However, little is known about the roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms of TXN1 in the regulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs).

Methods: TXN1 conditional knockout mice (ROSA-CreER-TXN1) and TXN1 control mice were used.

Emerging Evidence of the Significance of Thioredoxin-1 in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging.

The United States is undergoing a demographic shift towards an older population with profound economic, social, and healthcare implications. The number of Americans aged 65 and older will reach 80 million by 2040. The shift will be even more dramatic in the extremes of age, with a projected 400% increase in the population over 85 years old in the next two decades.

Recalibrating the Non-Communicable Diseases risk prediction tools for the rural population of Western India.

Background: The aim of the present study was to recalibrate the effectiveness of Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) and Community-Based Assessment Checklist (CBAC) by opportunistic screening of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Hypertension (HT) among the people attending health centres, and estimating the risk of fatal and non-fatal Cardio-Vascular Diseases (CVDs) among them using WHO/ISH charts.

Methods: All the people aged ≥ 30 years attending the health centers were screened for DM and HT. Weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumferences were measured, and BMI and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) were calculated.

Early prediction of diabetic type 2 based on fuzzy technique.

Intelligent analysis of present lifestyle may help to understand the development of the chronic diseases and the relationship of these diseases together. It is possible to reduce or prevent the development of these diseases. In this work, a novel intelligent method is introduced and applied for early detection of type 2 diabetic.

A new method of contrast enhancement of musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging based on fuzzy inference technique.

Improving the clarity and visual quality of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Images (MUI) can help clinicians to detect diseases more easily and accurately. In this work, we described how to enhance the contrast of MUI locally based on a fuzzy inference system. Local Fuzzy Inference Technique (LFIT) was introduced as a novel technique to enhance the contrast of MUI.

Preconception Alcohol Exposure Increases the Susceptibility to Diabetes in the Offspring.

Heavy alcohol drinking alters glucose metabolism, but the inheritability of this effect of alcohol is not well understood. We used an animal model of preconception alcohol exposure in which adult female rats were given free access to 6.7% alcohol in a liquid diet and water for about 4 weeks, went without alcohol for 3 weeks, and then were bred to generate male and female offspring.

Early life alcohol exposure primes hypothalamic microglia to later-life hypersensitivity to immune stress: possible epigenetic mechanism.

Growing evidence has shown that developmental alcohol exposure induces central nervous system inflammation and microglia activation, which may contribute to long-term health conditions, such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. These studies sought to investigate whether neonatal alcohol exposure during postnatal days (PND) 2-6 in rats (third trimester human equivalent) leads to long-term disruption of the neuroimmune response by microglia. Exposure to neonatal alcohol resulted in acute increases in activation and inflammatory gene expression in hypothalamic microglia including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6).

Prenatal alcohol exposure increases the susceptibility to develop aggressive prolactinomas in the pituitary gland.

Excess alcohol use is known to promote development of aggressive tumors in various tissues in human patients, but the cause of alcohol promotion of tumor aggressiveness is not clearly understood. We used an animals model of fetal alcohol exposure that is known to promote tumor development and determined if alcohol programs the pituitary to acquire aggressive prolactin-secreting tumors. Our results show that pituitaries of fetal alcohol-exposed rats produced increased levels of intra-pituitary aromatase protein and plasma estrogen, enhanced pituitary tissue growth, and upon estrogen challenge developed prolactin-secreting tumors (prolactinomas) that were hemorrhagic and often penetrated into the surrounding tissue.

MicroRNA-9 regulates fetal alcohol-induced changes in D2 receptor to promote prolactin production.

Fetal alcohol exposure (FAE) is known to increase prolactin (PRL) secretion from the pituitary lactotropes. In this study, we determined whether microRNAs (miRs) are involved in FAE-induced alteration in PRL release. We employed a rat animal model of FAE involving feeding pregnant Fisher 344 rats with a liquid diet containing 6.

Mu-opioid receptor and delta-opioid receptor differentially regulate microglial inflammatory response to control proopiomelanocortin neuronal apoptosis in the hypothalamus: effects of neonatal alcohol.

Background: Opioid receptors are known to control neurotransmission of various peptidergic neurons, but their potential role in regulation of microglia and neuronal cell communications is unknown. We investigated the role of mu-opioid receptors (MOR) and delta-opioid receptors (DOR) on microglia in the regulation of apoptosis in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons induced by neonatal ethanol in the hypothalamus.

Methods: Neonatal rat pups were fed a milk formula containing ethanol or control diets between postnatal days 2-6.

Preconception Alcohol Increases Offspring Vulnerability to Stress.

The effect of preconception drinking by the mother on the life-long health outcomes of her children is not known, and therefore, in this study using an animal model, we determined the impact of preconception alcohol drinking of the mother on offspring stress response during adulthood. In our preconception alcohol exposure model, adult female rats were fed with 6.7% alcohol in their diet for 4 weeks, went without alcohol for 3 weeks and were bred to generate male and female offspring.

Fetal Alcohol Exposure Reduces Dopamine Receptor D2 and Increases Pituitary Weight and Prolactin Production via Epigenetic Mechanisms.

Recent evidence indicated that alcohol exposure during the fetal period increases the susceptibility to tumor development in mammary and prostate tissues. Whether fetal alcohol exposure increases the susceptibility to prolactin-producing tumor (prolactinoma) development in the pituitary was studied by employing the animal model of estradiol-induced prolactinomas in Fischer 344 female rats. We employed an animal model of fetal alcohol exposure that simulates binge alcohol drinking during the first two trimesters of human pregnancy and involves feeding pregnant rats with a liquid diet containing 6.

Beta-endorphin cell therapy for cancer prevention.

β-Endorphin (BEP)-producing neuron in the hypothalamus plays a key role in bringing the stress axis to a state of homeostasis and maintaining body immune defense system. Long-term delivery of BEP to obtain beneficial effect on chemoprevention is challenging, as the peptides rapidly develop tolerance. Using rats as animal models, we show here that transplantation of BEP neurons into the hypothalamus suppressed carcinogens- and hormone-induced cancers in various tissues and prevented growth and metastasis of established tumors via activation of innate immune functions.