Eco-friendly Nano-scale Bio-analytical Insights for Spectrofluorimetric Estimation of Fimasartan Using Integrated Approach of Enhanced Microwave-assisted Hantzsch Reaction and Multicolored Analytical Chemistry.

This study introduces an innovative spectrofluorimetric method for determining fimasartan, a pharmaceutical compound, at low concentrations in drug formulations and human blood samples. The method incorporates several key features that enhance its effectiveness and sustainability. It utilizes eco-friendly solvents (water and ethanol) and reduces analysis time, making it both cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

Hybrid Principles of RGB12 and QbD To Photoinduced Electron Transfer Mechanism Based Sensitive and Green Nano-scale Spectrofluorimetric Insights for Estimation of Brucine.

This study proposes a sensitive and green spectrofluorimetric method for assessing brucine in solid dispersion adsorbate formulations and spiked plasma samples by combining quality by design principles with white analytical chemistry concepts. This method attains nanogram-level sensitivity by employing fluorescein as a biosensing probe through photoinduced electron transfer. The targeted formulation showed improved solubility and dissolution rates compared with those of pure brucine.

Failure Mode Effects Analysis and Design of Experiments to Sensitive and Sustainable Microwave-Aided Spectrofluorophotometric Estimation of Teneligliptin and Method's Chlor-Tox Scale and Blue Applicability Grade Index Assessment.

Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate is efficiently controls blood sugar levels while minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia. Determination of teneligliptin in commercial formulations and biological-fluids has been documented in literature using a plethora of chromatographic, spectrophotometric, and hyphenated methods and they required toxic organic solvents. But, there was no published spectrofluorophotometric technique for teneligliptin estimation.

In-vivo microwave-aided spectrofluorimetric characterization of teneligliptin-loaded solid dispersion adsorbate using quality by design approach.

This study developed a microwave-aided spectrofluorimetric method for in-vivo characterizing teneligliptin-loaded solid dispersion adsorbate (TNG-SDA) using a quality by design approach. The microwave-aided chemical reaction was applied for derivatization of non-fluorescent teneligliptin with NBD-Cl (7-chloro-4-nitrobenzoxadiazole). TNG-SDA was prepared to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of teneligliptin, a BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) class II drug.

Carbon dot-based fluorescent sensors for pharmaceutical detection: Current innovations, challenges, and future prospects.

Environmental contamination by pharmaceuticals has become a matter of concern as they are released in sewage systems at trace levels, thus impacting biological systems. Increasing concerns about the low-level occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment demands sensitive and selective monitoring. Owing to their high sensitivity and specificity carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as suitable fluorescent sensors.

Microwave-derivatized enhanced-spectrofluorophotometric characterization of nateglinide-loaded solid dispersion adsorbate and greenness profile assessment of method.

Nateglinide is an oral meglitinide that treats diabetes. Nateglinide was determined in several commercial formulations using chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods in published research. Quality-by-design approach was applied to develop the in-house nateglinide-loaded Solid Dispersion Adsorbate (SDA) for improving bioavailability and solubility.

Whiteness, redness, blueness and greenness profile assessment and design of experiments approach to microwave-aided sensitive and green spectrofluorophotometric determination of baclofen.

As a gamma amino butyric acid-ergic agonist, Baclofen is often prescribed to adults and children for the treatment of severe spasticity that originates in the brain or spinal cord. Even after reviewing the literature extensively, no one has documented a method for estimating baclofen using microwave-assisted stability-indicating spectrofluorimetric techniques, despite the abundance of options for baclofen stability, assay, and bioanalysis. Organic solvents, which are typically necessary for current procedures but may be costly and toxic, have a severe effect on aquatic life and the environment.

In-vivo pharmacokinetic study of ibrutinib-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers in rat plasma by sensitive spectrofluorimetric method using harmonized approach of quality by design and white analytical chemistry.

Ibrutinib, an antineoplastic agent tackling chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, falls under the category of BCS class II drugs, characterized by a puzzling combination of low solubility and high permeability. Its oral bioavailability remains a perplexing challenge, merely reaching 2.9 % due to formidable first-pass metabolism hurdles.

Integrated approach of white analytical chemistry and design of experiments to microwave-assisted sensitive and eco-friendly spectrofluorimetric estimation of mirabegron using 4-chloro-7-nitrobezofuran as biosensing fluorescent probe.

The USFDA recently approved mirabegron, a novel once-daily β-3 adrenoceptor agonist for oral administration, as a transformative treatment for overactive bladder. Despite the existence of numerous analytical methods for the assay and bioanalysis of mirabegron, it's perplexing that none have explored the domain of microwave-assisted sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for mirabegron estimation, even after extensive literature review. Adding to the enigma is the insistence of current analytical methods on using expensive and harmful organic solvents, posing a threat to marine life and the broader environment.

Selective detection of azelnidipine in pharmaceuticals via carbon dot mediated spectrofluorimetric method: A green approach.

A spectrofluorimetric method using fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) was developed for the selective detection of azelnidipine (AZEL) pharmaceutical in the presence of other drugs. In this study, N-doped CDs (N-CDs) were synthesized through a single-step hydrothermal process, using citric acid and urea as precursor materials. The prepared N-CDs showed a highly intense blue fluorescence emission at 447 nm, with a photoluminescence quantum yield of ~21.

Simultaneous Chromatographic Estimation of Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin Using Hybrid Principles of White Analytical Chemistry and Analytical Quality by Design.

Background: The fixed-dose combination of vildagliptin (VDG) and dapagliflozin (DGZ) is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. According to the literature survey, RP-HPLC and HPTLC methods have been reported for routine analysis of VDG and DGZ. These chromatographic methods have been developed using potentially neurotoxic and teratogenic solvents, which are unsafe for human and aquatic animal life and hazardous to the environment.

Analytical Quality Risk Assessment and Design of Experiments to Green HPTLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sildenafil Citrate and Dapoxetine Hydrochloride.

A green and robust high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of sildenafil citrate and dapoxetine hydrochloride. A fractional factorial design was applied for analytical quality risk assessment of potential analytical risk factors. The identified critical analytical risk factors were optimized using the design of experiment-based response surface analysis by full factorial design.

Implementation of White Analytical Chemistry-Assisted Analytical Quality by Design Approach to Green Liquid Chromatographic Method for Concomitant Analysis of Anti-Hypertensive Drugs in Human Plasma.

According to current concepts of white analytical chemistry (WAC), the use of organic solvents those are teratogenic and carcinogenic must be avoided for the protection of the environment and of the analysts. This led to the development and validation of the WAC-assisted green liquid chromatographic technique (reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC)) for the simultaneous analysis of anti-hypertensive drugs (azilsartan medoxomil, chlorthalidone and cilnidipine) in human plasma and their fixed-dose combinations. The analytical quality by design approach was used in conjunction with the design of experiments and chemometrics concepts to develop the method.

Green analytical chemistry-driven response surface modeling to stability-indicating chromatographic method for estimation of cilnidipine and application of high-performance thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry for characterization of degradation products.

Cilnidipine is a calcium channel blocker that is used to treat cardiac diseases such as angina and high blood pressure. Several column and planar chromatographic methods for estimating cilnidipine in pharmaceutical dosage forms have been documented. However, these method developments have been carried out employing organic solvents such as acetonitrile, methanol, toluene, chloroform, and others as mobile phase components or as sample pretreatment diluents.

Principles of White Analytical Chemistry and Design of Experiments to Development of Stability-Indicating Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Thiocolchicoside and Lornoxicam.

Background: A variety of chromatographic methods have been published for the stability evaluation of thiocolchicoside (THC) and lornoxicam (LNX). Nevertheless, the development of chromatographic methods requires the use of neurotoxic and teratogenic organic solvents that are detrimental to the environment and harmful to human life.

Objectives: Using the principles of design of experiments (DoE), a novel white analytical chemistry-driven stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (SI-HPTLC) method has been developed for the concurrent stability study of THC and LNX.

Glycerol Monooleate (GMO): A Valuable Biobased Lubricity and Pour Point Enhancer Blend Component for the ULSD Fuel.

Novel value-added usage of glycerol (biodiesel coproduct) derivatives has been indispensable due to the extensive production of biodiesel. The physical properties of ultralow-sulfur diesel (ULSD) improved with the addition of technical-grade glycerol monooleate (TGGMO) with increasing concentration from 0.01 to 5 wt %.

Green and Sustainable Analytical Chemistry-Driven Chromatographic Method Development for Stability Study of Apixaban Using Box-Behnken Design and Principal Component Analysis.

Apixaban (APX) is a novel anti-coagulant drug approved by USFDA. According to referred literature, numerous chromatographic methods such as RP-HPLC and high-performance thin-layer chromatography have been published for the stability study of APX. But these chromatographic methods have been developed using toxic organic solvents that are hazardous to the environment and unsafe for analysts.

Red, Green, and Blue Model-Based Assessment and Principles of White Analytical Chemistry to Robust Stability-Indicating Chromatographic Estimation of Thiocolchicoside and Diclofenac Sodium.

Background: White analytical chemistry (WAC) is a recent approach for evaluating analytical procedures based on their effectiveness in validating results, capacity to be environmentally friendly, and economic effectiveness.

Objective: The detection of diclofenac sodium (DCF) and thiocolchicoside (THC) simultaneously has been established using a WAC-driven stability-indicating chromatographic method (SICM).

Methods: For the concurrent stability study of THC and DCF, the suggested chromatographic technique was developed employing safe and environmentally acceptable organic solvents.

White analytical chemistry-driven stability-indicating concomitant chromatographic estimation of thiocolchicoside and aceclofenac using response surface analysis and red, green, and blue model.

White analytical chemistry is a novel concept for the assessment of analytical methods on basis of its validation efficiency, greenness power, and economical efficiency. White analytical chemistry-driven stability indicating chromatographic method has been developed for the concomitant analysis of thiocolchicoside and aceclofenac. The proposed chromatographic method has been developed using a safe and environmental-friendly organic solvents for the concomitant stability study of thiocolchicoside and aceclofenac.

Application of Principal Component Analysis and DoE-Driven Green Analytical Chemistry Concept to Liquid Chromatographic Method for Estimation of Co-formulated Anti-Hypertensive Drugs.

Background: The fixed-dose combination (FDC) of metoprolol succinate (MTS), cilnidipine (CDN), and telmisartan (TST) is used for the management of hypertension. Numerous reversed phase (RP)-HPLC methods have been reported in the literature for chromatographic analysis of MTS, CDN, and TST. According to the concept of green analytical chemistry (GAC), toxic organic solvents should be avoided or minimized during chromatographic method development for the safety of analysts and the protection of the environment.

In the Quest for Potent and Selective Malic Enzyme 3 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

The genome of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with frequent deletion of the tumor suppressor gene SMAD family member 4 () with collateral deletion of its chromosomal neighbor malic enzyme 2 (). In PDAC cells, ME3 takes over the function of the ME2 enzyme, and hence therapeutic targeting of ME3 is expected to arrest tumor growth. Hitherto no selective small molecule inhibitor of ME3 has been reported in the context of PDAC.

Multivariate Analysis and Response Surface Modeling to Green Analytical Chemistry-Based RP-HPLC-PDA Method for Chromatographic Analysis of Vildagliptin and Remogliflozin Etabonate.

Background: The fixed-dose combination (FDC) of vildagliptin (VDG) and remogliflozin etabonate (RGE) is used as antidiabetic medicine. Numerous reverse phase high-pressure liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) methods have been reported for the estimation of VDG and RGE using toxic organic solvents such as acetonitrile and methanol. These organic solvents are also hazardous to the environment.

Method Greenness Profile Assessment to AQbD-Driven Stability Indicating HPTLC Method for Estimation of Aripiprazole Using Screening Design and Response Surface Modeling.

Background: According to the literature review, organic solvents such as methanol, acetonitrile, toluene, and carbon tetrachloride have been used for the chromatographic analysis of aripiprazole (APZ). The green chemistry approach recommends these organic solvents are unsafe for analysts and the environment and should be avoided or minimized in chromatographic analysis.

Objective: Hence, the stability-indicating assay method (SIAM) has been developed for the estimation of aripiprazole using safe organic solvents.

Advances on nanoformulation approaches for delivering plant-derived antioxidants: A case of quercetin.

Oxidative stress has been implicated in tumorigenic, cardiovascular, neuro-, and age-related degenerative changes. Antioxidants minimize the oxidative damage through neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other causative agents. Ever since the emergence of COVID-19, plant-derived antioxidants have received enormous attention, particularly in the Indian subcontinent.