Relationship between prostate-specific antigen, alkaline phosphatase levels, and time-to-tumor shrinkage: understanding the progression of prostate cancer in a longitudinal study.

Background: This study delves into the complex interplay among prostate-specific antigen, alkaline phosphatase, and the temporal dynamics of tumor shrinkage in prostate cancer. By investigating the longitudinal trajectories and time-to-prostate cancer tumor shrinkage, we aim to untangle the intricate patterns of these biomarkers. This understanding is pivotal for gaining profound insights into the multifaceted aspects of prostate cancer progression.

Illustration of association between change in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values and time to tumor status after treatment for prostate cancer patients: a joint modelling approach.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent tumor in men, and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) serves as the primary marker for diagnosis, recurrence, and disease-free status. PSA levels post-treatment guide physicians in gauging disease progression and tumor status (low or high). Clinical follow-up relies on monitoring PSA over time, forming the basis for dynamic prediction.

Model Selection and Identification of Osteoporosis Risk Factors in Women to Improve Their Healthcare.

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk. The focus of this case-control study was to identify significant socioeconomic risk factors of osteoporosis in Pakistani women and examine how the risk increases for different levels of risk factors. A case-control study was conducted from November 2018 to August 2019 in two main hospitals in Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Synthesis, classification and properties of hydrogels: their applications in drug delivery and agriculture.

Absorbent polymers or hydrogel polymer materials have an enhanced water retention capacity and are widely used in agriculture and medicine. The controlled release of bioactive molecules (especially drug proteins) by hydrogels and the encapsulation of living cells are some of the active areas of drug discovery research. Hydrogel-based delivery systems may result in a therapeutically advantageous outcome for drug delivery.

Experimental Validation and Deployment of Observability Applications for Monitoring of Low-Voltage Distribution Grids.

Future distribution grids will be subjected to fluctuations in voltages and power flows due to the presence of renewable sources with intermittent power generation. The advanced smart metering infrastructure (AMI) enables the distribution system operators (DSOs) to measure and analyze electrical quantities such as voltages, currents and power at each customer connection point. Various smart grid applications can make use of the AMI data either in offline or close to real-time mode to assess the grid voltage conditions and estimate losses in the lines/cables.

Multi-response optimization of rhamnolipid production using grey rational analysis in Taguchi method.

The present paper envisages the multi-response optimization of certain process parameters like total sugars concentration, C/N ratio and incubation time on rhamnolipid yield, surface tension reduction, biomass formation and substrate utilization, in rhamnolipid production by a mutant strain grown on clarified blackstrap molasses, under L orthogonal array in Taguchi design. The results have been analyzed by using grey relational analysis for the identification of an optimum level of process parameters. The validity of the results was checked though confirmation experiment, under grey relational analysis.

Prognostic value of normal exercise Tc-99m Sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging in Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To ascertain the hard event rate in local population with normal myocardial perfusion.

Methods: The study, which was conducted from August 2006 to January 2007, included 300 patients with normal exercise myocardial perfusion scan (MPS). Patients were categorized according to their pre-test probabilities for CAD.

Assessing adriamycin-induced early cardiotoxicity by estimating left ventricular ejection fraction using technetium-99m multiple-gated acquisition scan and echocardiography.

Background: Adriamycin cardiotoxicity begins with the first dose of therapy. The insult may be subclinical initially, but with continued treatment can result in clinical congestive heart failure. Therefore, a study for the detection of early cardiotoxicity of adriamycin by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) estimation using technetium (Tc)-99m multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) scan and echocardiography (ECHO) was conducted.

Nephrotoxicity of CDDP assessed estimating glomerular filtration rate with 99mTc-DTPA plasma sample method.

Objective: To assess early nephrotoxicity of CDDP (Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) manifested by a decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by plasma two sample clearance method (PSC 2) after 99mTc-DTPA injection.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Karachi, from September 2004 to January 2005.

Diagnostic accuracy of Tc-99m-MIBI for breast carcinoma in correlation with mammography and sonography.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of 99mTc-MIBI scintimammography (SMM) in differentiating malignant breast cancer from benign breast mass and in detecting axillary lymph node metastasis in comparison with mammography and ultrasonography.

Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: At the Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (KIRAN), Karachi, from December 2006 to May 2007.

Institution-based cancer incidence in a local population in Pakistan: nine year data analysis.

At present no national level of cancer registry program exists in Pakistan and the data available from different sources, necessary for incidence, prevalence, morbidity/mortality, and etiological assessment of cancer and cancer control programs, are from hospital or institutional databases. Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (KIRAN) is a comprehensive healthcare facility for diagnosis, treatment and research of all cancers. This is a retrospective analysis of the cancer patients of both genders of all age groups to determine frequencies of different cancers presented to this Institute from 1st January 2000 to 31 December 2008.

Tc-99m-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile scintimammography: imaging postexcision biopsy for residual and multifocal breast tumor.

Objectives: The interpretation of mammogram in a postsurgical breast can be extremely complex and difficult because masses, calcifications, and architectural distortion can mimic cancer. Scintimammography has been proposed because it is not affected by these morphological changes and can potentially be used in patients after excision biopsy to assess any residual tumor, other foci of disease (multifocal disease).

Materials And Methods: The population comprised of 21 patients (mean age: 47.

Chest wall recurrence of breast cancer demonstrated on 99mTc-MIBI scintimammography.

Background: The mastectomy site is usually assessed by clinical examination and ultrasonography for recurrence of breast cancer, although post-surgical and radiotherapy changes limit the accuracy of these methods. MRI has been used successfully but it remains an expensive modality and may not be readily available. Scintimammography is an alternative method which has the advantage of not being affected by post-operative morphological changes.

Significance of prostate specific antigen in prostate cancer patients and in non cancerous prostatic disease patients.

Objective: To evaluate the significance of prostate specific antigent (PSA) and scan in prostate cancer patients and in non cancerous prostatic disease patients.

Methods: The study was carried out in Radioimmunoassay (RIA) lab, KIRAN Hospital, Karachi during 2002 to 2006. A total of 149 serum samples were collected in which 93 samples were biopsy positive prostate cancer patients referred to KIRAN hospital for treatment.

Role of 99mTc-MIBI scintimammography and X-ray mammography in the diagnosis of locoregional recurrence of breast cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the utility of Tc- MIBI scintimammography in the loco-regional recurrence of breast cancer and its comparison with mammography.

Methods: The study population comprised of 33 subjects (mean age, 44.9 +/- 14.

Assessment of viable myocardium by nitrate augmented 99mTc MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of 99mTcMIBI with nitrate administration for the detection of viable myocardium in patients with MI.

Methods: Thirty-five patients (31 men, 4 women; mean age 51.91 +/- 8.

A randomized clinical trial comparing 50mCi and 100mCi of iodine-131 for ablation of differentiated thyroid cancers.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of low (50 mCi) and high dose (100 mCi) Iodine-131 in ablation of differentiated thyroid cancer remnants.

Methods: Baseline serum thyroglobulin (sTg), thyroglobulin antibody (Tg Ab) and diagnostic whole body iodine scan with 2 mCi of I-131 were performed in each individual. After 6 months serum Tg, Tg Ab (of-thyroxin) and WB iodine scan with 10 mCi of I-131 were done to assess the efficacy of the low and high dose of I-131.

Serum leptin level in hypothyroid males.

Objective: To determine the correlation of serum leptin with thyroid hormones in primary hypothyroid male patients and euthyroid lean and obese control subjects.

Design: Comparative study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Atomic Energy Medical Center, JPMC, Karachi, from 2001 to 2003.

Risk factors for breast cancer in Pakistani women aged less than 45 years.

Background: There has been an increase in the incidence of breast cancer in previously low-risk Asian countries. It is important to identify the risk factors for Asian women, as little information currently exists for this population.

Aim: The objective of the study was to determine risk factors for breast cancer among Pakistani women.