Hepatitis B virus infection after immunization: How serious it is? An updated review.

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the significant challenges worldwide. Despite the availability of antiviral drugs against this virus, the most critical strategy to prevent HBV infection is HB vaccination. Basically, despite widespread conventional HB vaccination, due to various reasons, including waning of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) titer after vaccination, the emergence of vaccine-escape mutants, failure to respond to the vaccine due to viral and host factors, levels of response in high-risk individuals and non-responders to conventional HB vaccination remains a major, unsolved and severe concern.

Correlation of IL-10 and IL18 with the development of liver cirrhosis associated with hepatitis B virus infection: A systematic review.

Background: Patients who have been infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) are susceptible to developing liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objective of this systematic review was to comprehensively scrutinize the existing evidence concerning the association between host genetic polymorphisms and HBV-associated LC.

Methods: We searched databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant articles published from building databases to 25 October 2023.

Evaluation of autoimmune liver disease natural history in patients referred to Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) center.

Background: Autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) are increasing and common forms of chronic liver disease (CLD) with different clinical responses and characteristics which can result in cirrhosis. This study aimed to investigate the natural history and characteristics of AILD in an Iranian population.

Methods: Patients with AILD [Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH), Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC), Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) and Overlap Syndrome (OS)] referred to Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) center, Tehran, Iran, between January 2002 and December 2022 were included in this retrospective cohort study.

Effect of a moderately carbohydrate-restricted diet on liver enzymes, steatosis and fibrosis in normal-weight individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: study protocol for a parallel randomised controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic condition that is considerably prevalent across the world. Dietary intakes, in which macronutrient composition is precisely planned, might be able to reduce inflammation, steatosis and fibrosis among patients with NAFLD. A moderately carbohydrate restricted diet with weight loss has been demonstrated to improve liver fat content among overweight or obese patients.

The CD8+ T cell exhaustion mechanisms in chronic hepatitis B infection and immunotherapeutic strategies: a systematic review.

Introduction: The hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In developing countries, HBV is the most common etiology of those liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B (CHB), acute hepatitis B (AHB), acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CD8+ T cell exhaustion is a condition of T cell malfunction and reduction that plays a crucial role in the progression of HBV infection.

A New Combination: Anti Glypican-3 scFv and Diphtheria Toxin with the Best Flexible Linker.

Along with all cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, targeting therapy is a new treatment manner. Immunotoxins are new recombinant structures that kill cancer cells by targeting specific antigens. Immunotoxins are composed of two parts: toxin moiety, which disrupts protein synthesis process, and antigen binding moiety that bind to antigens on the surface of cancer cells.

Wheat germ improves hepatic steatosis, hepatic enzymes, and metabolic and inflammatory parameters in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial.

Globally, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a rising prevalence with no definitive pharmacological treatments. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effects of wheat germ in patients with NAFLD. Fifty participants with NAFLD were randomly allocated to take 40 g wheat germ (n = 25) or placebo (n = 25) in a randomized double-blind clinical trial over 12 weeks.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in immune-related genes with spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Studies have reported that the immune system modulation genes are involved in the seroconversion during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Here, a systematic review with meta-analysis is implemented on the association of polymorphisms in immune-related genes with the spontaneous hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the main electronic databases of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science before May 2022.

Digital Marketing: A Unique Multidisciplinary Approach towards the Elimination of Viral Hepatitis.

New technologies are supported by the global implementation of the internet. These improvements have deeply affected various disciplines of sciences and consequently changed services such as daily business, particularly health sectors. Innovative digital marketing strategies utilize the channels of social media and retrieved user data to analyze and improve relevant services.

Economic evaluation of pan-genotypic generic direct-acting antiviral regimens for treatment of chronic hepatitis C in Iran: a cost-effectiveness study.

Introduction: Low-cost generic direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are available in several low-income/middle-income countries, important for treatment scale-up. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of genotype-dependent and pan-genotypic DAA regimens in Iran as an example of a resource-limited setting.

Methods: A Markov model was developed to simulate HCV natural history.

The effect of daily consumption of probiotic yogurt on liver enzymes, steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Given the increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, it is necessary to find an easy and cost-effective method in its management and treatment. Probiotics are a group of living microorganisms that might affect NAFLD through the intestinal-liver axis. The present clinical trial aims to examine the effect of probiotic yogurt consumption on liver enzymes, steatosis and liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.

An on-site community-based model for hepatitis C screening, diagnosis, and treatment among people who inject drugs in Kerman, Iran: The Rostam study.

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its complications in many countries, including Iran. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of a community-based HCV model of care on HCV testing and treatment initiation among PWID in Kerman, Iran.

Methods: This study is part of the Rostam study and is a non-randomized trial evaluating the effect of on-site HCV- antibody rapid testing, venipuncture for HCV RNA testing, and treatment eligibility assessment on HCV testing and treatment initiation among PWID.

DT389-YP7, a Recombinant Immunotoxin against Glypican-3 That Inhibits Hepatocellular Cancer Cells: An In Vitro Study.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the high-metastatic types of cancer, and metastasis occurs in one-third of patients with HCC. To maintain the effectiveness of drug compounds on cancer cells and minimize their side effects on normal cells, it is important to use new approaches for overcoming malignancies. Immunotoxins (ITs), an example of such a new approach, are protein-structured compounds consisting of toxic and binding moieties which can specifically bind to cancer cells and efficiently induce cell death.

Immunotoxins Immunotherapy against Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Promising Prospect.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Therefore, fighting against such cancer is reasonable. Chemotherapy drugs are sometimes inefficient and often accompanied by undesirable side effects for patients.

Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection with direct-acting antiviral agent-based regimens in Iranian patients with hereditary bleeding disorders.

Background: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is one of the most important comorbidities in patients with hereditary bleeding disorders (HBD). The present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral agent (DAA)-based interferon-free HCV antiviral regimens in patients with HBD.

Patients And Methods: The present study was performed on the patients with HBD and CHC between 2015 and 2019.

Harm reduction program and hepatitis C prevalence in people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran: an updated systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis.

Background: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran is high. Since 2005, the Iranian government has implemented a harm reduction program to control HCV. We aimed to describe the prevalence of HCV antibody (Ab) in Iranian PWID before and after the implementation of harm reduction with cumulative meta-analysis.

Therapeutic effects of Chlorella vulgaris on carbon tetrachloride induced liver fibrosis by targeting Hippo signaling pathway and AMPK/FOXO1 axis.

This study was conducted to present the mechanism of the therapeutic effects of Chlorella vulgaris extract (CV) on the carbon tetrachloride (CCl) induced liver fibrosis model. Primarily, the mechanism of antioxidant effects of CV were investigated via measuring the expression of forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and phosphorylated 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) as upstream regulators of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Subsequently, we investigated the regulatory effect of CV treatment on the yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivators with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) as fibrogenic factors.

Eradication of hepatitis C virus infection in thalassemia patients in Iran using various treatment strategies.

Background: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is considered as one of the leading causes of liver disease in thalassemic patients in Iran. Over 40% of the mortality in these patients is related to HCV.

Objectives: The present study aimed at estimating HCV prevalence in thalassemic patients in Iran and to determine the number of infections until eradication is achieved.

Continuum of hepatitis C care cascade in prison and following release in the direct-acting antivirals era.

Background: People with criminal justice involvement contribute remarkably to the rising hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden; however, the continuum of care is a major barrier to prison-based programs. We aimed to evaluate a comprehensive HCV care model in an Iranian provincial prison.

Methods: Between 2017-2018, in the Karaj Central Prison, newly admitted male inmates received HCV antibody testing and venipuncture for RNA testing (antibody-positive only).

The efficacy of flaxseed and hesperidin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-labeled randomized controlled trial.

Background/objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is growing in prevalence globally and no definitive evidence for any approved pharmacological approaches for patients with NAFLD has been found yet. This study was aimed to assess the clinical effects of flaxseed and hesperidin in patients with NAFLD.

Subjects/methods: In this randomized, controlled, clinical trial, one hundred eligible patients with NAFLD were enrolled and randomly assigned to four dietary intervention groups including lifestyle modification program (control), lifestyle modification program with 30 g whole flaxseed powder, lifestyle modification program with 1 g hesperidin supplementation, and lifestyle modification program with combination of 30 g flaxseed and 1 g hesperidin (flax-hes) for 12 weeks.

Global prevalence of HCV and/or HBV coinfections among people who inject drugs and female sex workers who live with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Coinfections of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or hepatitis B virus (HBV) with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are associated with high morbidity and mortality and poor prognosis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HCV and/or HBV coinfections among people who inject drugs (PWID) and female sex workers (FSWs) who live with HIV/AIDS worldwide. Data sources were searched from January 2008 to October 2018 in different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Ovid.