Recommendations for Designing a Digital Health Tool for Blindness Prevention Among High-Risk Diabetic Retinopathy Patients: Qualitative Focus Group Study of Adults With Diabetes.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of preventable blindness among working-aged adults. Black, Latine, and low-income individuals are screened less for DR, diagnosed later, treated less often, and go blind more than White individuals.

Objective: This study aimed to engage members to co-design a digital health tool that is accessible, user-friendly, and culturally relevant, through a community-led research approach,.

Humans and Large Language Models in Clinical Decision Support: A Study with Medical Calculators.

Although large language models (LLMs) have been assessed for general medical knowledge using licensing exams, their ability to support clinical decision-making, such as selecting medical calculators, remains uncertain. We assessed nine LLMs, including open-source, proprietary, and domain-specific models, with 1,009 multiple-choice question-answer pairs across 35 clinical calculators and compared LLMs to humans on a subset of questions. While the highest-performing LLM, OpenAI o1, provided an answer accuracy of 66.

Comparison of the GoCheck Kids and Spot Screener photoscreening devices for the detection of amblyopia risk factors using 2021 AAPOS recommendations.

Purpose: To compare the Spot Vision Screener (SPOT) to the GoCheck Kids mobile application (GCK) in the evaluation of amblyopia risk factors (ARFs), according to updated 2021 AAPOS guidelines for instrument-based pediatric vision screening.

Methods: SPOT, GCK using horizontal and vertical images (two-photo mode), and a complete eye examination (CEE) were performed on children ages ≥1 to <7 years referred to a pediatric ophthalmologist from October 2020 to December 2022 for a failed vision screen based on manufacturer guidelines. The primary outcomes were sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) for each photoscreener.

Five-Year Evaluation of an Anal Cancer Screening Program in Men Who Have Sex With Men With HIV at 2 Academic Center Clinics.

Background: Guidelines recommend annual anal cytology-based squamous cell carcinoma of anus (SCCA) screening for men who have sex with men with HIV aged ≥35 years (eligible population). The recommended threshold for high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) depends on its availability: low-threshold (any abnormal cytology) if availability is high and high-threshold (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL] on cytology) if availability is low.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review (2018-2022) at academic HIV clinics.

Regional synapse gain and loss accompany memory formation in larval zebrafish.

Defining the structural and functional changes in the nervous system underlying learning and memory represents a major challenge for modern neuroscience. Although changes in neuronal activity following memory formation have been studied [B. F.