Multi-Observer Study on Diagnostic Accuracy of Pediatric Renal Tumors Imaged with Higher-Harmonic-Generation Microscopy.

Background/objectives: Wilms tumors, the most common pediatric renal tumors, are heterogeneous and consist of varying amounts of three components: blastema, epithelium, and stroma. Postoperative chemotherapy is tailored based on risk group classification and stage. Due to this heterogeneity, pathologists perform extensive tumor sampling to ensure accurate classification.

The effect of preoperative chemotherapy on histological subtyping and staging of Wilms tumors: The United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group (UKCCSG) Wilms tumor trial 3 (UKW3) experience.

Background: Two principal approaches to Wilms tumor (WT) treatment are immediate surgery (IS) and preoperative chemotherapy (PCT), and both treatments use the risk-adapted approach that includes histological subclassification of the tumor, combined with additional prognostic factors. In the UKW3 trial, these two approaches were compared. The aim of the present study was to compare histological features between the two groups, to assess the impact of PCT on distribution of histological subtyping and staging and to evaluate whether PCT resulted in more staging discrepancies between local and central pathology review (CPR).

IGF1R signalling in testicular germ cell tumour cells impacts on cell survival and acquired cisplatin resistance.

Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most frequent malignancy and cause of death from solid tumours in the 20- to 40-year age group. Although most cases show sensitivity to cis-platinum-based chemotherapy, this is associated with long-term toxicities and chemo-resistance. Roles for receptor tyrosine kinases other than KIT are largely unknown in TGCT.

Intra-Tumor Genetic Heterogeneity in Wilms Tumor: Clonal Evolution and Clinical Implications.

The evolution of pediatric solid tumors is poorly understood. There is conflicting evidence of intra-tumor genetic homogeneity vs. heterogeneity (ITGH) in a small number of studies in pediatric solid tumors.

TP53 mutational status is a potential marker for risk stratification in Wilms tumour with diffuse anaplasia.

Purpose: The presence of diffuse anaplasia in Wilms tumours (DAWT) is associated with TP53 mutations and poor outcome. As patients receive intensified treatment, we sought to identify whether TP53 mutational status confers additional prognostic information.

Patients And Methods: We studied 40 patients with DAWT with anaplasia in the tissue from which DNA was extracted and analysed for TP53 mutations and 17p loss.

Bilateral wilms tumor with TP53-related anaplasia.

Wilms tumor (WT) with diffuse anaplasia has an unfavorable prognosis and is often (>70%) associated with mutations in the TP53 gene. Although most WTs are unilateral, 5-10% are bilateral, and they are almost always present with nephrogenic rests. The latter are considered a precursor of WT.

Renal tumors in children aged 10-16 Years: a report from the United Kingdom Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group.

Wilms tumor is the most common renal tumor of childhood. However, other epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuroectodermal neoplasms may also arise in the kidney during childhood, several of which show specific age distributions; in the 1st year of life, mesoblastic nephroma and rhabdoid tumor are more common, whereas renal cell carcinoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, and anaplastic Wilms tumors are relatively more frequent in older children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to describe the spectrum of renal tumors in children aged 10-16 years using data from 1492 patients registered in the UK Wilms Tumour 3 Trial (1991-2001) and International Society of Paediatric Oncology Wilms Tumour Trial 2001 (2002-2008) clinical trials of renal tumors in childhood.