Troponin I - a comprehensive review of its function, structure, evolution, and role in muscle diseases.

The troponin complex is a critical component of thin filaments and plays an essential role in the calcium-mediated regulation of contraction and relaxation in striated muscles, including both cardiac and skeletal muscle. Troponin I, a subunit of this complex, inhibits actomyosin interactions during muscle relaxation. Its function is finely tuned by posttranslational modifications, particularly phosphorylation, which influence calcium sensitivity and actin affinity, thus impacting muscle contraction.

Applications and techniques of single-cell RNA sequencing across diverse species.

Single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing (scRNA-seq) is an important tool in molecular biology, allowing transcriptomic profiling at the single-cell level. This transformative technology has provided unprecedented insights into cellular heterogeneity, lineage differentiation, and cell-type-specific gene expression patterns, significantly advancing our understanding of complex biological systems. scRNA-seq is broadly applied across various fields, including oncology, where it sheds light on intratumoral heterogeneity and precision medicine strategies, and developmental biology, where it uncovers cellular trajectories in both model and non-model organisms.

Evolutionary insights into adaptation of hemocyanins from deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimps.

Deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimps inhabit environments with low oxygen levels and may even be exposed to hypoxic conditions. In response, their respiratory pigment, hemocyanin (Hc) may undergo molecular adaptations to enable them to survive in such extreme ecosystems. Therefore, we sampled four Alvinocarididae species from hydrothermal vents in the northern Central Indian Ridge and two types of Hc genes (α and γ) were observed.

Blockade of ZMIZ1-GATA4 Axis Regulation Restores Youthfulness to Aged Cartilage.

Susceptibility to cartilage degeneration increases in an age-dependent manner and older cartilage exhibits increased catabolic factor expression leading to osteoarthritis (OA). While inhibition of cellular senescence can prevent age-related diseases, the understanding of the regulators governing cartilage senescence and the potential for senolytic intervention remains limited. Here, in vitro and in vivo results are reported, demonstrating for the first time that the transcriptional regulator, ZMIZ1, is upregulated in aged and OA cartilage, and that it acts through GATA4 to accelerate chondrocyte senescence and trigger cartilage deterioration.

Genomic diversity and comparative phylogenomic analysis of genus Norovirus.

Noroviruses consist of ten genogroups, five of which (GI, GII, GIV, GVIII, GIX) infect humans. Noroviruses are traditionally classified based on the VP1 (genotype), RdRP (P-type), or dual-typing nomenclature. However, current classifications solely relying on specific proteins may be insufficient to represent the evolutionary history due to their recombination events.

Genome-Wide Identification and Biochemical Characterization of Alcohol Acyltransferases for Aroma Generation in Isolates from Fermented Food.

The importance of nonconventional yeasts has increasingly been highlighted, particularly for aroma formation in fermented foods. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of , which produces a variety of volatile flavor compounds, leading to the identification of the alcohol acyltransferase (AATase) family of genes. The genome of contains seven AATase genes, encoding alcohol--acetyltransferases (ATFs) and ethanol acetyltransferase 1 (EAT1) for acetate ester formation, along with ethanol hexanoyl transferase 1 (EHT1) for ethyl ester formation.

Positive Selection of Mitochondrial Gene in the Marine Bivalve (Bivalvia, Cardiidae).

The mitochondrial genome provides valuable data for phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary research. In this study, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the mitochondrial genome of using the Illumina platform. The genome spanned 16,967 bp and included 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs, and 22 transfer RNAs.

Comparative genomic analysis of copepod humoral immunity genes with sex-biased expression in Labidocera rotunda.

Studies of innate immune system function in invertebrates have contributed significantly to our understanding of the mammalian innate immune system. However, in-depth research on innate immunity in marine invertebrates remains sparse. We generated the first de novo genome and transcriptome sequences of copepod Labidocera rotunda using Illumina paired-end data and conducted a comparative genome analysis including five crustaceans (four copepods and one branchiopod species).

Do red tide events promote an increase in zooplankton biodiversity?

Red tides occurring off the southern coast of Korea impact the marine ecosystem and aquaculture industries. Zooplankton are crucial in the food web, connecting primary producers to higher predators and interact diversely with red tide organisms. This study explores dynamics of the zooplankton community over seven years including three red tide and four non-red tide years in Tongyeong using metabarcoding.

Highly contiguous genome assembly and gene annotation of the short-finned eel (Anguilla bicolor pacifica).

In East Asia, anguillid eels are commercially important. However, unlike other species, they have not been successfully cultivated throughout their lifecycle. Facing population decline due to overharvesting and environmental pressures, the industry is turning to alternatives, such as Anguilla bicolor pacifica (short-finned eel).

The occurrence of positive selection on BicA transporter of Microcystis aeruginosa.

The rapid growth of cyanobacteria, particularly Microcystis aeruginosa, poses a significant threat to global water security. The proliferation of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa raises concerns due to its potential harm to human health and socioeconomic impacts. Dense blooms contribute to spatiotemporal inorganic carbon depletion, promoting interest in the roles of carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) for competitive carbon uptake.

Genomic analysis uncovers that cold-inducible RNA binding protein is associated with estrogen receptor in breast cancer.

Background: RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) perform various biological functions in humans and are associated with several diseases, including cancer. Therefore, RBPs have emerged as novel therapeutic targets. Although recent investigations have shown that RBPs have crucial functions in breast cancer (BC), detailed research is underway to determine the RBPs that are closely related to cancers.

The mA writer RBM15 drives the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells through the stimulation of serine and glycine metabolism.

N-adenosine methylation (mA) is critical for controlling cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis. However, the function and detailed mechanism of how mA methyltransferases modulate mA levels on specific targets remain unknown. In the current study, we identified significantly elevated levels of RBM15, an mA writer, in basal-like breast cancer (BC) patients compared to nonbasal-like BC patients and linked this increase to worse clinical outcomes.

Transcriptome and functional analyses of phenotypic plasticity in sea grape Caulerpa okamurae.

Caulerpa is a marine green macroalga distinguished by a large single cell with multiple nuclei. It also exhibits remarkable morphological intraspecies variations, in response to diverse environmental types. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenotypic plasticity remain poorly understood.

BRD2-specific inhibitor, BBC0403, inhibits the progression of osteoarthritis pathogenesis in osteoarthritis-induced C57BL/6 male mice.

Background And Purpose: The discovery of new bromo- and extra-terminal inhibitors presents new drugs to treat osteoarthritis (OA).

Experimental Approach: The new drug, BBC0403, was identified in the DNA-encoded library screening system by searching for compounds that target BRD (bromodomain-containing) proteins. The binding force with BRD proteins was evaluated using time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) and binding kinetics assays.

Dietary exposure of the water flea to microcystin-LR.

Harmful substances like the cyanotoxin microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) are commonly found in eutrophic freshwater environments, posing risks to aquatic organisms. The water flea, , is a well-established model organism for environmental toxicology research. Nevertheless, there is currently insufficient research on the genes that respond to MC-LR in .

AMPK-HIF-1α signaling enhances glucose-derived de novo serine biosynthesis to promote glioblastoma growth.

Background: Cancer cells undergo cellular adaptation through metabolic reprogramming to sustain survival and rapid growth under various stress conditions. However, how brain tumors modulate their metabolic flexibility in the naturally serine/glycine (S/G)-deficient brain microenvironment remain unknown.

Methods: We used a range of primary/stem-like and established glioblastoma (GBM) cell models in vitro and in vivo.

Integrated genomics and phenotype microarray analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae industrial strains for rice wine fermentation and recombinant protein production.

The industrial potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has extended beyond its traditional use in fermentation to various applications, including recombinant protein production. Herein, comparative genomics was performed with three industrial S. cerevisiae strains and revealed a heterozygous diploid genome for the 98-5 and KSD-YC strains (exploited for rice wine fermentation) and a haploid genome for strain Y2805 (used for recombinant protein production).

Novel molecule BBC0901 inhibits BRD4 and acts as a catabolic regulator in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is induced by matrix degradation and inflammation mediated by bromo-domain-containing protein 4 (BRD4)-dependent catabolic factors. BRD4 acts as both a transcriptional regulator and an epigenetic reader. BBC0901 was identified as an inhibitor of BRD4 using a DNA-encoded library screening system.

Blockade of Activin Receptor IIB Protects Arthritis Pathogenesis by Non-Amplification of Activin A-ACVR2B-NOX4 Axis Pathway.

Although activin receptor IIB (ACVR2B) is emerging as a novel pathogenic receptor, its ligand and assembled components (or assembly) are totally unknown in the context of osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. The present results suggest that upregulation of ACVR2B and its assembly could affect osteoarthritic cartilage destruction. It is shown that the ACVR2B ligand, activin A, regulates catabolic factor expression through ACVR2B in OA development.

Galectin-4 increases the ability of M2 macrophages to enhance antiviral CD4+ T-cell responses.

Galectin-4 (Gal-4) is a β-galactoside-binding protein belonging to the galectin family. Although Gal-4 is known to be involved in several physiologic processes of the gastrointestinal tract, its immunomodulatory roles remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether Gal-4 influences the function of M1 and M2 macrophages.

A practical comparison of the next-generation sequencing platform and assemblers using yeast genome.

Assembling fragmented whole-genomic information from the sequencing data is an inevitable process for further genome-wide research. However, it is intricate to select the appropriate assembly pipeline for unknown species because of the species-specific genomic properties. Therefore, our study focused on relatively more static proclivities of sequencing platforms and assembly algorithms than the fickle genome sequences.