Three-Dimensional Tungsten Disulfide Raman Biosensor for Dopamine Detection.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are promising materials for detection of biomolecules due to their large surface-to-volume ratio. However, their poor response to the cellular environment hinders the realization of high-performance 2D TMDC sensors. Here, we present a hierarchical Raman scattering sensor consisting of the WS directly grown on an array of three-dimensional (3D) WO nanohelixes (NHs) by sulfurization.