Pterosin D-activated protein kinase A mitigates Alzheimer's disease in 5xFAD mice.

BackgroundProtein kinase A (PKA) is a key activator of cAMP response element-binding protein signaling; it plays a pivotal role in cognition, memory, and adult neurogenesis. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors that indirectly activate PKA through cAMP are promising candidates for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics.ObjectiveWe examined whether pterosins bind directly to PKA as activators and enhance cognition and memory.

Ethanol extract from Astilbe chinensis inflorescence suppresses inflammation in macrophages and growth of oral pathogenic bacteria.

Chronic oral inflammation and biofilm-mediated infections drive diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential of an ethanol extract from Astilbe chinensis inflorescence (GA-13-6) as a prominent candidate for natural complex substances (NCS) with therapeutic potential. In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.

Phytochemical investigation on the aerial parts of f. Nakai and their biological activities.

spp. have traditionally been used in folk medicine to treat various pathologies. In this study, nine compounds, comprising one simple phenolic compound (), three stilbenoids (-), and five flavonoids (-), were isolated from the aerial parts of f.

Aiouea padiformis extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the ATPase activity of NLRP3.

Inflammation is implicated as a cause in many diseases. Most of the anti-inflammatory agents in use are synthetic and there is an unmet need for natural substance-derived anti-inflammatory agents with minimal side effects. Aiouea padiformis belongs to the Lauraceae family and is primarily found in tropical regions.

Anti-Adipogenic Activity of Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Miq. on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

, a climbing tree belonging to Smilacaceae, has been used in traditional oriental medicine for treating arthritis, tumors, leprosy, psoriasis, and lumbago. To evaluate the anti-obesity effects of (Smilacaceae), we screened methylene chloride (CHCl), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), aqueous-saturated -butanol, and ethanol (EtOH) extracts of the whole plant at various concentrations to inhibit adipogenesis in adipocytes. The 3T3-L1 cell line with Oil red O staining with the help of fluorometry was used as an indicator of anti-obesity activity.

Identification of -Coumaric Acid and Ethyl -Coumarate as the Main Phenolic Components of Hemp ( L.) Roots.

Hemp ( L.) contains a variety of secondary metabolites, including cannabinoids, such as psychoactive (-)--Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol. The present study was conducted to identify the major phenolic components contained in hemp root, which has been relatively under-researched compared to other parts of hemp.

Lotus Seed Green Embryo Extract and a Purified Glycosyloxyflavone Constituent, Narcissoside, Activate TRPV1 Channels in Dorsal Root Ganglion Sensory Neurons.

Several studies have documented the broad-spectrum bioactivities of a lotus seed ( [PN]) green embryo extract. However, the specific bioactive components and associated molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the ion channel-activating mechanisms of PN extracts.

Monoterpenoids from the Fruits of Have Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production.

In our search for novel plant-derived inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) with potential for treating inflammatory diseases, the phytochemicals of fruits were investigated, leading to the isolation of one bicyclic nonane (), three menthene skeleton monoterpenoids (-), and two acyclic monoterpenoids ( and ). Their structures were identified using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. To the best of our knowledge, compounds - were obtained from the genus for the first time.

Skin-Related Properties and Constituents from the Aerial Parts Extract of .

In the course of screening for cosmetic ingredients by measuring antioxidant and antiwrinkle and whitening and anti-inflammatory activities, skin-related activity was tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, elastase inhibition, tyrosinase inhibition, and nitric oxide assay. Several Polygonaseae extracts were found to show potent activity. The results showed that the methanolic extract has the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS radical scavenging activities (IC 61.

A novel role for α-viniferin in suppressing angiogenesis by blocking the VEGFR-2/p70 signaling pathway.

Angiogenesis plays important roles in pathological conditions such as cancer and inflammation as well as normal tissue development and homeostasis. Here, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of α-viniferin, an oligostilbene isolated from Caragana sinica, on human umbilical vein endothelial cell responses in vitro and angiogenic sprouting in aortic rings ex vivo. α-viniferin treatment inhibited mitogen-induced HUVEC proliferation by retinoblastoma protein hypophosphorylation.

Extract Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Lesions through Modulation of MAPK Signaling in BALB/c Mice.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. () is used as a traditional medicine to improve various pathologies in Southeast Asia. In this study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extract (CQ) on 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD like skin lesions in BALB/c mice.

Diterpenoids and phenolic analogues from the roots of .

Two new compounds, including a -pimarane diterpenoid (continentanol, ) and a phenolic derivative (aralianic acid, ), along with the known diterpenoids (-), polyacetylenes (-), phenolic components (-), and phytosterols ( and ), were isolated from roots of . The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic data interpretation, particularly HRESIMS, 1 D and 2 D NMR data including HSQC and HMBC. Also, those of the known compounds were identified by spectral comparison with those of the reported values.

Benzylideneacetone Derivatives Inhibit Osteoclastogenesis and Activate Osteoblastogenesis Independently Based on Specific Structure-Activity Relationship.

()-3,4-Dihydroxybenzylideneacetone (compound ) inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis of C57BL/6 bone marrow monocyte/macrophages with IC of 7.8 μM (IC of alendronate, 3.7 μM) while stimulating the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells, accompanied by the induction of Runt-related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin.

Marine Alga Extract and Dieckol Attenuate Prostaglandin E Production in HaCaT Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter.

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is an important cause of skin damage, and an increasing number of studies have been conducted to discover safe, natural materials that can alleviate the oxidative stress and inflammation caused by PM. It has been previously shown that the extract of Kjellman, a perennial brown macroalga, can alleviate oxidative stress in epidermal keratinocytes exposed to PM less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10). The present study was undertaken to further examine the anti-inflammatory effects of extract and its major polyphenolic constituent, dieckol.

Luteolin 7-Sulfate Attenuates Melanin Synthesis through Inhibition of CREB- and MITF-Mediated Tyrosinase Expression.

Antioxidants with antimelanogenic activity are potentially useful for the attenuation of skin hyperpigmentation disorders. In a previous study, luteolin 7-sulfate isolated from Makino, a marine plant, was shown to inhibit cellular melanin synthesis. The aim of the present study was to examine its action mechanism, focusing on the regulation of tyrosinase (TYR) expression in cells.

Glycopentanolones A-D, four new geranylated quinolone alkaloids from Glycosmis pentaphylla.

The ethanolic extract obtained from the stems of Glycosmis pentaphylla was found to suppress antigen-mediated degranulation of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. Four new geranylated 2-quinolone alkaloids, named glycopentanolones A-D (1-4), and 12 known metabolites (5-16) were isolated from the ethanolic extract from the stems of G. pentaphylla using bioassay-guided fractionation.

Inhibition of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 and cholinesterases by pterosins via a specific structure-activity relationship with a strong BBB permeability.

We extracted 15 pterosin derivatives from Pteridium aquilinum that inhibited β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and cholinesterases involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (2R)-Pterosin B inhibited BACE1, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with an IC of 29.6, 16.

Coixlachryside B: a new benzoxazinoid glycoside from the roots of var. (Gramineae).

L. var. has been a source of food and traditional folk medicine in some parts of Asia for thousands of years; however, the roots of this plant have not been phytochemically investigated.

Anti-Obesity Activity of Saringosterol Isolated from Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt Extract in 3T3-L1 Cells.

Saringosterol, a steroid isolated from Sargassum muticum, a brown edible alga widely distributed on the seashores of southern and eastern Korea, has been shown to exhibit anti-obesity effect. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity activity of saringosterol through various experiments. The inhibitory effect of saringosterol on adipogenesis was evaluated via Oil Red O staining in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Anti-inflammatory effect of tribulusamide D isolated from Tribulus terrestris in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.

Tribulus terrestris (T. terrestris) has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including inflammation, edema and hypertension. The aqueous and ethanol extracts of T.

Salvia plebeia Extract Inhibits Xanthine Oxidase Activity In Vitro and Reduces Serum Uric Acid in an Animal Model of Hyperuricemia.

Hyperuricemia is a clinical condition characterized by an elevated level of serum uric acid and is a key risk factor for the development of gout and metabolic disorders. The existing urate-lowering therapies are often impractical for certain patient populations, providing a rationale to explore new agents with improved safety and efficacy. Here, we discovered that extract inhibited the enzyme activity of xanthine oxidase, which is a key enzyme generating uric acid in the liver.

Caragasinin C: a new oligostilbene from the roots of Caragana sinica.

A new oligostilbene, caragasinin C (1), and seven known compounds, betulinic acid (2), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3), (‒)-medicarpin (4), wistin (5), (2E,4S)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid (6), pallidol (7), and (+)-α-viniferin (8), were isolated from the roots of Caragana sinica. The structure of caragasinin C was established on the basis of spectroscopic techniques, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D-NMR.

Ulmus davidiana Nakai induces apoptosis and autophagy on non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ulmus davidiana Nakai (UDN) is frequently used in the treatment of cancer in traditional oriental medicine. Although several reports indicate that UDN has inhibitory effects in some cancers, there has been no report on the inhibitory effects of UDN via both autophagy and apoptosis.

Materials And Methods: Cytotoxicity induced by UDN in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) H-1299 and H-460 cell lines was evaluated using the 2, 3-Bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt (XTT) assay and trypan blue exclusion assay.

Quassinoids isolated from Brucea javanica inhibit pepper mottle virus in pepper.

A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) based leaf-disc method and systemic host method were developed to identify antiviral agents. Preliminary experiments using a PepMoV-GFP based leaf-disc method led to the isolation of five quassinoids, including brusatol (1), bruceantin (2), brucein A (3), bruceantinol (4), and brucein B (5), from the CHOH extract of Brucea javanica. All isolated compounds exhibited inactivation effects in systemic host plants, and compounds 3 and 4 were potent, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10μM.