Long-term growth and neurodevelopment of extremely preterm infants randomized to fortified human milk diets enriched with a protein supplement.

Background: Observational studies indicate that higher protein intake can promote long-term growth and reduce the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in extremely preterm infants fed human milk.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a randomized trial in which 56 preterm infants born at 25-28 weeks of gestation were randomly assigned to receive either standard fortified milk or fortified milk supplemented with extensively hydrolyzed protein after postnatal day 14. The primary outcome of this analysis was moderate to severe NDI or death at approximately 2 years of corrected age.

Severity of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Infants Born Extremely Preterm and Randomized to Early Human Milk Fortification with a Donor Milk-Derived Fortifier for 2 Weeks.

In this secondary analysis of a masked clinical trial involving 150 infants born extremely preterm randomized to receive fortified milk starting on either postnatal day 3 (early group) or day 14 (delayed group), we found a significant difference in the distribution of bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity between the 2 groups (P = .039) with milder forms of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the early group.

Early Vitamin D Supplementation in Infants Born Extremely Preterm and Fed Human Milk: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on short-term respiratory outcomes in infants born at 28 weeks of gestation or less and fed human milk.

Study Design: This masked, randomized controlled trial included infants born extremely preterm and fed human milk in 2023-2024. Infants received either 800 IU/day vitamin D (intervention) or no additional vitamin D (control) for the first 14 days.

Early full enteral nutrition with fortified milk in very preterm infants: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: In preterm infants, the timing of human milk fortification when maternal or donor milk is offered at volumes of 60-80 mL/kg/d within the first 36 h after birth remains a matter of debate.

Objectives: This trial assessed the impact of early human milk fortification (<7 d postnatal age) on fat-free mass (FFM) z-scores.

Methods: This was an unmasked clinical trial involving preterm infants with birthweight <1800 g and gestational ages ranging from 29 0/7 to 33 6/7 weeks of gestation.

"We Feel Like Everybody's Going to Judge us": Black Adolescent Girls' and Young Women's Perspectives on Barriers to and Opportunities for Improving Sexual Health Care, Including PrEP, in the Southern U.S.

Black adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are disproportionately affected by HIV in the southern U.S.; however, PrEP prescriptions to Black AGYW remain scarce.