Factors associated with abdominal compartment syndrome complicating endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Background: Endovascular treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (r-AAAs) has the potential to offer improved outcomes. As our experience with endovascular repair of r-AAA evolved, we recognized that the development of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) led to an increase in morbidity and mortality. We therefore reviewed our experience to identify risk factors associated with the development of ACS.

Cutting edge: transplantation tolerance through enhanced CTLA-4 expression.

Knockout and blocking studies have shown a critical role for CTLA-4 in peripheral tolerance, however, it is unknown whether augmenting CTLA-4 expression actually promotes tolerance. Here we demonstrate a specific and requisite role for CTLA-4 and its up-regulation in tolerance through anti-CD45RB. First, long-term murine islet allograft survival induced by anti-CD45RB is prevented by CTLA4-Ig, which interferes with B7:CTLA-4 interactions.