Unmet Needs and Future Direction for Pulmonary Embolism Interventions.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) usually develops in the deep veins of the extremities. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a type of VTE that is most commonly (∼90%) caused by a thrombus that originates from the deep veins of the lower extremities. PE is the third most common cause of death after myocardial infarction and stroke.

Evaluating the Ability of Artificial Intelligence to Address Nuanced Cardiology Subspecialty Questions: ChatGPT and CathSAP.

Background: Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in large language models, have shown promise in various fields, including health care. However, their performance on specialized medical board examinations, such as interventional cardiology assessments, remains relatively unexplored.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a data set comprising 360 questions from the Cath Self Assessment Program (CathSAP) question bank.

Harnessing a bis-electrophilic boronic acid lynchpin for azaborolo thiazolidine (ABT) grafting in cyclic peptides.

Chemical modifications of native peptides have significantly advanced modern drug discovery in recent decades. On this front, the installation of multitasking molecular grafts onto macrocyclic peptides offers numerous opportunities in biomedical applications. Here, we showcase a new class of borono-cyclic peptides featuring an azaborolo thiazolidine (ABT) graft, which can be readily assembled utilizing a bis-electrophilic boronic acid lynchpin while harnessing the inherent reactivity difference (>10 M s) between the N-terminal cysteine and backbone cysteine for rapid and highly regioselective macrocyclization (∼1 h) under physiological conditions.

Systematic Review on Role of Drug Eluting Stent (DES) Versus Drug-Coated Balloon (DCB) in Small Vessel Coronary Artery Disease.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to explain the current advancements in the treatment modalities for small vessel coronary artery disease (SVCAD) and de novo lesions post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), focusing on drug-coated stents (DES) and drug-coated balloons (DCB). Its goal is to address the lack of standards in the management of these lesions and to assess the potential of DCB as a preferential treatment strategy over DES in the long term. RECENT FINDINGS: Technological advancements have improved drug-eluting stents (DES) and drug-coated balloons (DCB) which offer a more promising avenue for managing SVCAD.

Expanding a peptide-covalent probe hybrid for PET imaging of S. aureus driven focal infections.

Background: The urgent demand for innovative theranostic strategies to combat bacterial resistance to antibiotics is evident, with substantial implications for global health. Rapid diagnosis of life-threatening infections can expedite treatment, improving patient outcomes. Leveraging diagnostic modalities i.

Long-term all-cause death prediction by coronary, aortic, and valvular calcification in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: To determine the prognostic value of cumulative calcification score of coronary artery calcification (CAC), thoracic aortic calcification (TAC) and aortic valve calcification (AVC) in acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study. A total of 332 STEMI patients who received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) were enrolled in this study between January 2010 to October 2018.

Identification, synthesis, and characterization of an unprecedented N-(2-carboxyethyl) adduct impurity in an injectable ganirelix formulation.

Ganirelix, a peptide-based drug used to treat female infertility, has been in high market demand, which attracted generic formulation. A hitherto unknown impurity of ganirelix was observed in our formulation process, which reached ~0.3% in 6 months and led to a detailed investigation of its structure.

Unveiling the Prognostic Power of Coronary Physiological Progression.

Coronary atherosclerosis, a progressive disease, has long been the focus of clinical investigations aimed at understanding its natural evolution and response to medical therapies. While traditional imaging modalities, such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), have shed light on plaque characteristics and vulnerability to rupture leading to clinical events, the clinical implications of coronary physiological techniques associated with increased risk of clinical events remain underexplored. The incremental prognostic value of 3V-quantitative flow ratio (QFR) advocates for its integration into routine clinical evaluations as a non-invasive tool for risk stratification in coronary artery disease patients.

Capturing Sialyl-glycan on Live Cancer Cells by Tailored Boronopeptide.

Boronic acid-containing molecules are substantially popularized in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry due to the broad spectrum of covalent conjugations as well as interaction modules offered by the versatile boron atom. Apparently, the WGA peptide (wheat germ agglutinin, 62-73), which shows a considerably low binding affinity to sialic acid, turned into a selective and >5 folds potent binder with the aid of a suitable boronic acid probe installed chemoselectively. In silico studies prompted us to install BA probes on the cysteine residue, supposedly located in close proximity to the bound sialic acid.

Unmet Needs and Future Direction for Pulmonary Embolism Interventions.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) usually develops in the deep veins of the extremities. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a type of VTE that is most commonly (∼90%) caused by a thrombus that originates from the deep veins of the lower extremities. PE is the third most common cause of death after myocardial infarction and stroke.

Sulfonyl Diazaborine 'Click' Chemistry Enables Rapid and Efficient Bioorthogonal Labeling.

Finding an ideal bioorthogonal reaction that responds to a wide range of biological queries and applications is of great interest in biomedical applications. Rapid diazaborine (DAB) formation in water by the reactions of ortho-carbonyl phenylboronic acid with α-nucleophiles is an attractive conjugation module. Nevertheless, these conjugation reactions demand to satisfy stringent criteria for bioorthogonal applications.

Cardiac Symptoms During the Russia-Ukraine War: A Google Trends Analysis.

Background The 2022 Ukraine-Russian War has led to significant anxiety, anguish, and trauma among the people in Ukraine. The objective of this study was to analyze the Google Trend results of common cardiac symptoms in Ukraine, Russia, and worldwide in 2022 and compare that to 2021 with the hypothesis that common cardiac symptoms in the war-affected regions would be higher compared to the rest of the world. We hypothesize that the search trends of cardiac symptoms would increase in Ukraine given the turmoil caused by the Russian invasion.

Periprocedural Complications With Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty: Analysis of Global Studies.

Background: Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) was introduced as a treatment modality for patients with inoperable, medically refractory chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension decades ago; however, reports of high rates of pulmonary vascular injury have led to considerable refinement in procedural technique.

Objectives: The authors sought to better understand the evolution of BPA procedure-related complications over time.

Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review of original articles published by pulmonary hypertension centers globally and performed a pooled cohort analysis of procedure-related outcomes with BPA.

Cysteine-Selective Installation of Functionally Diverse Boronic Acid Probes on Peptides.

The current methods for direct late-stage and residue-selective installation of a versatile boronic acid (BA) repertoire on peptides are inadequate for a wide range of applications. Here, we show the suitability and efficiency of thiol-ene radical click chemistry to install functionally versatile BA derivatives on numerous bioactive, native peptides. Our work highlights that the methodology is operationally simple and adaptable for applications with BA-modified peptides, such as cyclization, conjugation, and functional group alteration.

Synthesis and characterization of two potential impurities (des-ethyl-Ganirelix) generated in the Ganirelix manufacturing process.

Controlling certain diseases using peptide drugs has remarkably increased in the past two decades. In this regard, a generic formulation is an upfront solution to fulfill market demands. Ganirelix, a leading peptide active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) primarily used as a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH), has established a potential market value worldwide.

Rapid and Highly Productive Assembly of a Disulfide Bond in Solid-Phase Peptide Macrocyclization.

Here we report a highly efficient disulfide-driven peptide macrocyclization in 15 min on a solid support using persulfate as a crucial additive in iodine-mediated oxidative cyclization. The method eliminates the side products of classical iodine-mediated peptide cyclization. It is operationally simple and convenient for cyclizing small to lengthier peptides embodying popular cysteine building blocks in a single step.

Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs Vitamin K Antagonists in Patients With Antiphospholipid Syndromes: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.

Background: The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for patients with thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome remain controversial.

Objectives: The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared DOACs with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs).

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through April 9, 2022.

Three versus 12-month dual antiplatelet therapy duration in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) recommend at least 12 months of a P2Y12 inhibitor and low dose aspirin in patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with a stent. Since that recommendation, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have studied an abbreviated duration of DAPT in ACS. Therefore, we sought to perform a meta-analysis of RCTs comparing 3- versus 12-month DAPT in patients presenting with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Integrating a covalent probe with ubiquicidin fragment enables effective bacterial infection imaging.

Developing potent and novel bacterial imaging agents remains formidable due to the rapid development of bacterial resistance. Ubiquicidin and its derivatives are the most studied antimicrobial peptides that bind to anionic membranes of a broad range of bacterial pathogens. Studies reveal that UBI (29-41) labeled with Tc and Ga could distinguish sterile inflammation from infection.

Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis vs Anticoagulation in Patients With Acute Intermediate-High-risk Pulmonary Embolism: The CANARY Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The optimal treatment of intermediate-high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) remains unknown.

Objective: To assess the effect of conventional catheter-directed thrombolysis (cCDT) plus anticoagulation vs anticoagulation monotherapy in improving echocardiographic measures of right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle (LV) ratio in acute intermediate-high-risk PE.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis vs Anticoagulation in Patients with Acute Intermediate-High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism (CANARY) trial was an open-label, randomized clinical trial of patients with intermediate-high-risk PE, conducted in 2 large cardiovascular centers in Tehran, Iran, between December 22, 2018, through February 2, 2020.