Unveiling the Silent Threat: The Rise of Β-Lactamase Enzymes in Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates Identified From Sterile Body Fluids in an Indian Healthcare Institution.

Background Bacterial infections in sterile body fluids represent a significant clinical concern, particularly when caused by resistant pathogens. β-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria, including extended-spectrum-lactamase (ESBL), metallo-β-lactamase (MBL), and AmpC β-lactamase producers, complicate treatment strategies, leading to poor patient outcomes. Infections in vulnerable patients, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs), are more susceptible to these resistant organisms, highlighting the need for urgent surveillance and effective antimicrobial strategies.

Relevance of Polymorphism of Glutathione S-Transferase Genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy.

Introduction: The causative factors of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy are genetic as well as environmental. The Glutathione S-transferase gene family is involved in redox balance to reduce oxidative stress, which is an important factor associated with these major diabetic complications. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTM1 and GSTT1) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Bacterial, Clinical, and Antimicrobial Profile of Gram-Negative Community-Acquired Infections in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital in India.

Background Gram-negative bacilli, such as ,   species (spp.), and species (spp.), are major causes of community-acquired infections (CAI).

Revisiting the History of Candidiasis.

Candida infections in humans are well-documented, but their clinical manifestations have become more evident in recent years. This shift is attributed to advancements in diagnostic modalities and the increasing use of aggressive therapies, where patients are exposed to more invasive procedures, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and immunosuppressive drugs. This shift is attributed to advancements in diagnostic modalities and the increasing use of aggressive therapies, where patients are exposed to more invasive procedures, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and immunosuppressive drugs.

An Overview of the Genetic Mechanisms of Colistin-Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens: An Indian Perspective.

Colistin resistance in bacteria is a growing global issue, given its role as a critical last-resort antibiotic, particularly for treating Gram-negative bacterial infections. Pathogens adopt multiple resistance mechanisms, mediated either by plasmids or chromosomal changes. Some of the most frequently observed strategies include the occurrence of plasmid-borne mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, enhanced efflux pump activity, mutations in the regulatory systems, and alterations in the lipid A structure.

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Gene Polymorphisms among Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Retinopathy and Nephropathy.

Introduction: Diversified pathways are associated with the advancement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) towards retinopathy and nephropathy. Experimental data have suggested the role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) gene polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients. Since very few combined studies were done for RAAS genes in T2DM patients with DN and diabetic retinopathy (DR), we tried to explore the association of certain RAAS gene polymorphisms in them.

Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation Using Silver Nanoparticles.

Background and aim Nanotechnology explores the unique properties of nanoparticles, which are very dissimilar from their bulk forms. Silver (Ag) has been exhibited to have antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties; since ancient times, silver has been used for its therapeutic qualities. Currently, medical research is investigating the activity and potential uses of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Comparative Analysis of Colistin Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: VITEK® 2 Compact Versus Broth Microdilution Method.

Background Colistin, a last-resort antibiotic, has witnessed a surge in resistance, posing a significant threat to public health. Accurate and timely detection of colistin resistance is crucial for effective clinical management. This study aims to compare two commonly used methods, the VITEK® 2 Compact (bioMerieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France) system and broth microdilution (BMD), for identifying colistin resistance in clinical isolates.

Comparative Analysis of In-House and Commercially Available Media for Determining the Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Candida Species.

Background The emergence of treatment-resistant species has highlighted the importance of antifungal susceptibility testing as it is difficult to determine therapeutics solely based on species identification. However, as compared to bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial susceptibility testing in fungi still remains underutilized in most clinical diagnostic microbiological services. The disc diffusion (DD) technique is reported to be easy and cost-effective and therefore can be easily incorporated as a routine method.

Study on the Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr-1) Gene in Gram-Negative Bacilli in a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Maharashtra.

Background: Colistin, a last-resort antibiotic for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, has increased resistance as a result of the emergence of the gene. The 1gene, which confers colistin resistance, is often carried on plasmids, facilitating its spread by horizontal gene transfer among bacterial populations. The rising prevalence of 1mediated resistance poses significant challenges for infection control and treatment efficacy.

Emerging Healthcare Threat Candida auris: A Prevalence Study From a Rural Tertiary Referral Centre in Western India.

Background has emerged as an important healthcare-associated pathogen that has high mortality rates. Additionally, this pathogen can cause nosocomial outbreaks. However, in comparison to the vast majority of the pathogenic species from the genus Candida, is difficult to treat and identify by using conventional therapeutic and diagnostic modalities.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of AmpC Beta-Lactamase in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Findings From a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Background and aim is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for various healthcare-related infections, which are difficult to treat due to intrinsic and acquired resistance. This study aimed to investigate AmpC β-lactamase production using phenotypic and genotypic methods in strains isolated from a tertiary care hospital in Karad, Maharashtra, India. Material and methods Over one year, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Krishna Institute Medical Sciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, Karad.

Isolated Renal Mucormycosis.

Mucormycosis in humans has been described as early as 1885 in literature. Isolated renal mucormycosis is rare as it has been mainly described in developing countries like India and China. It is rarer still to find this entity in immunocompetent young males without any risk factors.