Adverse Reactions With VEGF Inhibitors in Combination With NSAIDs: Disproportionality Analysis Using JADRE and FAERS.

Background/aim: The concurrent use of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) raises concerns regarding the increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to potential pharmacodynamic interactions. However, no studies have specifically addressed this issue. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the combination of these drugs increased the risk of ADRs.

Potential role of endothelial dysfunction in hypertension and proteinuria in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab: a pilot prospective observational study.

Purpose: Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is the first-line treatment for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its inhibition of VEGF signaling may lead to proteinuria due to endothelial dysfunction but the association between endothelial function and clinical outcomes has not been established. This study aimed to investigate vascular endothelial function in patients with HCC receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, and to assess the correlation between reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and adverse renal outcomes.

Clinical characteristics of patients requiring emergency hospitalization due to immune-related adverse events: a retrospective study.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, offering hope for various malignancies by enhancing the immune response against tumors. However, ICIs are associated with unique immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which differ significantly from conventional chemotherapy-induced toxicities. These irAEs, which affect more than 70% of patients and often escalate to severe grades, present substantial clinical management challenges and frequently necessitate emergency hospitalization.

[Patient Questionnaire Survey of"As-Needed"Medications to Relieve Side Effects and Anxiety for Breast Cancer Chemotherapy].

Patients undergoing outpatient cancer chemotherapy are prescribed"as-needed"medication(antiemetics, laxatives, and antibiotics)as a form of self-care for early response to side effects. We conducted a questionnaire survey to clarify whether prescribed"as-needed"medication contributes to the relief of patients' anxiety about cancer chemotherapy. We obtained responses from 80 breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy from 2019-2021".

Effect of blood pressure control on the risk of proteinuria during bevacizumab treatment in patients with colorectal cancer: a single-center retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Pre-existing hypertension is reportedly a major risk factor for bevacizumab-induced proteinuria. However, few studies have focused on the effects of blood pressure (BP) control on proteinuria during bevacizumab treatment. We report a retrospective study of the association between poor BP control and the risk of developing proteinuria in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

High level of C-reactive protein as a predictive factor for immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: Several risk factors for the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) during treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been reported, of which include high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). In this study, we aim to evaluate CRP levels before ICIs treatments as potential predictive biomarkers of irAEs incidence rate and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Between December 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019, we retrospectively collected all adult patients with NSCLC who received at least one dose of an ICI targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis at the Iwate Medical University Hospital in Japan.

Plasma endothelin-1 may predict bevacizumab-induced proteinuria in patients with colorectal cancer.

Purpose: Proteinuria is one of the most common adverse events leading to the discontinuation of bevacizumab therapy. We analyzed plasma ET-1 levels as an indicator of renal endothelial dysfunction in colorectal cancer patients, to determine the utility of plasma ET-1 for identification of patients at high risk of proteinuria when treated with bevacizumab.

Methods: Patients (n = 40) were recruited from an outpatient chemotherapy center between December 2020 and January 2022.

Identifying risk factors for opioid-induced neurotoxicity in cancer patients receiving oxycodone.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of opioid-induced neurotoxicity (OIN) in cancer patients receiving oral controlled-release oxycodone and to define risk factors for OIN.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study of hospitalized adult cancer patients receiving oral controlled-release oxycodone between April 1, 2013, and April, 30, 2020. The onset of OIN within 30 days after oxycodone initiation in the study patients was investigated.

Effect of risk factors for acneiform rash induced by anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody drugs on survival: a retrospective observational study.

Background: We previously reported that high body weight was a risk factor affecting the onset of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody drug-induced acneiform rash. The current study investigated the relationship between risk factors for anti-EGFR antibody drug-induced acneiform rash and survival probability in colorectal cancer patients, as well as effects of drug withdrawal, dose reduction, or treatment discontinuation on treatment continuation.

Methods: This retrospective study included 67 patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer treated with anti-EGFR antibody drugs for the first time.

Bevacizumab Increases Endothelin-1 Production via Forkhead Box Protein O1 in Human Glomerular Microvascular Endothelial Cells In Vitro.

Molecular mechanisms underlying the nephrotoxicity associated with bevacizumab are unclear. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in podocyte injury and proteinuria, and its level increases in most cases of kidney disorders. Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), a transcription factor, is a major determinant of ET-1 promoter activation and is regulated by protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation-dependent nuclear exclusion.

Analysis of risk factors for skin disorders caused by anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody drugs and examination of methods for their avoidance.

What Is Known And Objective: Cancer drug treatment is often discontinued because of skin disorder aggravation. However, information on risk factors for skin disorders caused by anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody drugs is limited. The aim of this study was to analyse the factors associated with skin disorders caused by anti-EGFR antibody drugs and establish a method to minimize such aggravations.

Switching from Intravenous to Oral Tacrolimus Reduces its Blood Concentration in Paediatric Cancer Patients.

Background/aim: Tacrolimus is an essential immunosuppressant for successful allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT). This study aimed to examine the change in the blood concentration of tacrolimus during switching from intravenous to oral administration in allo-HSCT for paediatric cancer to predict the optimal dosage.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively examined the medical records of 63 patients who received allo-HSCT and were administered tacrolimus.

Deterioration of Glycemic Control Contributes to the Prevalence of Proteinuria among Bevacizumab-Treated Cancer Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The objective of this study was to investigate whether improving glycemic control reduces the prevalence and progression of proteinuria among bevacizumab (BEV)-treated cancer patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 55 patients with type 2 DM who were treated with BEV between July 1 2011 and May 31 2018 at Iwate Medical University Hospital. The patients were classified based on changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level during the 3 months following BEV administration into the "HbA1c elevated" group (+0.

The efficacy of sodium azulene sulfonate L-glutamine for managing chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in cancer patients: a prospective comparative study.

Background: The efficacy of sodium azulene sulfonate L-glutamine (GA) in treating oral mucositis caused by the administration of anticancer agents has not been previously elucidated. Therefore, this prospective comparative study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of GA in treating oral mucositis caused by chemotherapy regimens involving fluorinated pyrimidine anticancer drugs.

Methods: The subjects of this study were patients with oral mucositis of grade 2 or higher while on outpatient chemotherapy regimens involving fluorinated pyrimidine anticancer drugs for colorectal or breast cancer.

Antiproteinuric effects of renin-angiotensin inhibitors in lung cancer patients receiving bevacizumab.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs) on bevacizumab (BV)-induced proteinuria in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of NSCLC patients receiving BV between 2008 and 2014 at 11 hospitals. The patients were categorized into three groups according to their antihypertensive drug use: RASI user, non-RASI user, and non-user groups.

Objective evaluation of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy using quantitative pain measurement system (Pain Vision), a pilot study.

Background: In an evaluation of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), objectivity may be poor because the evaluation is determined by the patient's subjective assessment. In such cases, management of neuropathy may be delayed and CIPN symptoms may become severe. In this pilot study, we attempted an objective evaluation of CIPN using a quantitative pain measurement system (Pain Vision).

Case series on the association between blood levels and side effects of afatinib maleate.

Purpose: Afatinib maleate (AFA) is a second-generation, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment for specific variants of non-small cell lung cancer exhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. In this study, we measured the blood AFA levels in six patients with lung cancer and investigated the association between blood levels and side effects of this drug.

Methods: The study subjects were patients who were administered AFA for non-small cell lung cancer.

The effectiveness of regional cooling for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Background: There are currently no promising therapies available to treat or prevent peripheral neuropathy (PN) induced by anticancer drugs in a cumulative dose-dependent manner. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of regional cooling of hands and feet in preventing paclitaxel (PTX)-induced PN.

Methods: Patients with gynecologic cancer who received a tri-weekly cycle of chemotherapy including PTX at doses of 150-175 mg/m were included in this study.

[The Effectiveness of Polaprezinc Preparation for Taste Alteration in Cancer Chemotherapy].

Taste alteration is an adverse effect of cancer chemotherapy that can cause a decrease in the nutritional status owing to appetite suppression. In most cases, taste alteration is attributed to zinc deficiency, which is treated using zinc-containing formulations, such as polaprezinc. Polaprezinc has commonly been administered to protect against taste alteration during the course of cancer chemotherapy, but its efficacy has not been fully evaluated.

[Efficacy of Levofloxacin Hydrate in Febrile Neutropenia for Outpatient Chemotherapy].

Management of febrile neutropenia (FN) is important for the safety of patients undergoing outpatient chemotherapy. Oral antimicrobials are usually prescribed as the initial treatment for FN, and outpatients are instructed to begin medication prior to chemotherapy. However, the effectiveness and safety of the use of these oral antibiotics have not yet been established.

Effect of olanzapine for breast cancer patients resistant to triplet antiemetic therapy with nausea due to anthracycline-containing adjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective: Triplet antiemetic therapy with neurokinin 1 receptor blocker, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor blocker and steroids is commonly used in patients who are highly emetic after chemotherapy. However, an alternative antiemetic therapy for patients who are resistant to triplet antiemetic therapy is not established. Olanzapine is recommended in the guidelines as an optional antiemetic drug.

Feasibility study of short hydration using oral rehydration solution in cisplatin including chemotherapy of lung cancer.

Background: Cisplatin (CDDP) is used as a key anticancer drug for solid cancers, including lung cancer. However, a large quantity of fluid replacement is required to prevent renal dysfunction. This requirement have made outpatient chemotherapies including CDDP administration less popular among the available therapeutic options.

[Treatment algorithm for oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy].

Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) is a key drug in the treatment of colorectal cancer; however, L-OHP-induced peripheral neuropathy becomes a dose-limiting factor for which withdrawal is the only effective option. In the present study, we attempted to treat L-OHP-induced peripheral neuropathy using the algorithm consisting of pregabalin, duloxetine, and oxycodone at Iwate Medical University Hospital. The first, second, and third stages of the algorithm consist of pregabalin, duloxetine, and oxycodone, respectively.

[Field survey of the anticancer drug contamination in the preparation environment. Usefulness of the 5-FU monitoring by the coupon method].

For medical professionals involved in cancer chemotherapy, occupational exposure of anticancer agents is considered a health risk. Education about the handling of anticancer drugs and proper use of protective equipment are important for reducing occupational exposure of anticancer drugs. Furthermore, monitoring of the contamination level of anticancer drugs is important for determining the propriety of anti-contamination methods.

[Efficacy and safety of pregabalin for oxaliplatin- and paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy].

This study included patients who were prescribed pregabalin, vitamin B12, amitriptyline, clonazepam, or carbamazepine to improve oxaliplatin(L-OHP)- or paclitaxel(PTX)-induced peripheral neuropathy at Iwate Medical University Hospital between April 2011 and July 2012. The efficacy and safety of pregabalin was evaluated by comparing 27 patients with L-OHP-induced peripheral neuropathy and 28 with PTX-induced peripheral neuropathy prescribed pregabalin(pregabalin group) with 20 patients with L-OHP-induced peripheral neuropathy and 25 with PTX-induced peripheral neuropathy prescribed other drugs(non-pregabalin group). Response was defined as a decrease in neuropathy of at least 1 grade from baseline.