Exposure of Legionella pneumophila to low-shear modeled microgravity: impact on stress response, membrane lipid composition, pathogenicity to macrophages and interrelated genes expression.

Here, we studied the effect of low-shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG) on cross stress resistance (heat, acid, and oxidative), fatty acid content, and pathogenicity along with alteration in expression of stress-/virulence-associated genes in Legionella pneumophila. The stress resistance analysis result indicated that bacteria cultivated under LSMMG environments showed higher resistance with elevated D-values at 55 °C and in 1 mM of hydrogen peroxide (HO) conditions compared to normal gravity (NG)-grown bacteria. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in tolerance (p < 0.

Modulatory effect of low-shear modeled microgravity on stress resistance, membrane lipid composition, virulence, and relevant gene expression in the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes.

The present study investigated the influence of low-shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG) conditions on Listeria monocytogenes stress response (heat, cold, and acid), membrane fatty acid composition, and virulence potential as well as stress-/virulence-associated gene expression. The results showed that LSMMG-cultivated cells had lower survival rate and lower D-values under heat and acid stress conditions compared to cells grown under normal gravity (NG). Interestingly, the cold resistance was elevated in cells cultivated under LSMMG conditions when compared to NG conditions.

Insight into Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyocyanin production under low-shear modeled microgravity.

Long-term space flight impairs the immune system of astronauts, rendering them vulnerable to opportunistic infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes opportunistic infections, particularly in individuals with a compromised immune system; it can be a major health hazard for astronauts during space flight missions. Hence, the production of the most abundant redox active virulence factor, pyocyanin by P.

Low-shear-modeled microgravity-grown Penicillium chrysogenum-mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with enhanced antimicrobial activity and its anticancer effect in human liver cancer and fibroblast cells.

Gravitational force and shear forces induce various changes in gene expression and metabolite production of microorganisms. Previous reports have shown that there are differences in the expression of different sets of proteins and enzymes under microgravity conditions compared to normal gravity. The aim of this study is to utilize culture filtrates of Penicillium chrysogenum grown under microgravity and normal conditions to synthesize silver nanoparticles and to examine whether there is any difference between their physiochemical and biological function.

High throughput de novo RNA sequencing elucidates novel responses in Penicillium chrysogenum under microgravity.

In this study, the transcriptional alterations in Penicillium chrysogenum under simulated microgravity conditions were analyzed for the first time using an RNA-Seq method. The increasing plethora of eukaryotic microbial flora inside the spaceship demands the basic understanding of fungal biology in the absence of gravity vector. Penicillium species are second most dominant fungal contaminant in International Space Station.

Effect of Microgravity on Fungistatic Activity of an α-Aminophosphonate Chitosan Derivative against Aspergillus niger.

Biocontamination within the international space station is ever increasing mainly due to human activity. Control of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria are important to maintain the well-being of the astronauts during long-term stay in space since the immune functions of astronauts are compromised under microgravity. For the first time control of the growth of an opportunistic pathogen, Aspergillus niger, under microgravity is studied in the presence of α-aminophosphonate chitosan.

Effect of low shear modeled microgravity on phenotypic and central chitin metabolism in the filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum.

Phenotypic and genotypic changes in Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum, spore forming filamentous fungi, with respect to central chitin metabolism were studied under low shear modeled microgravity, normal gravity and static conditions. Low shear modeled microgravity (LSMMG) response showed a similar spore germination rate with normal gravity and static conditions. Interestingly, high ratio of multiple germ tube formation of A.

Study of cellular development and intracellular lipid bodies accumulation in the thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101.

Transmission electron, confocal microscopy and FACS in conjunction with two different lipophilic fluorescent dyes, BODIPY 505/515 and Nile Red were used to describe the cellular development and lipid bodies formation in Aurantiochytrium sp. KRS101. TEM results revealed that multi-cellular spores were appeared in sporangium during early-exponential phase, and spores were matured in mid-exponential phase followed by release of spores from sporangium in late-exponential phase.

Electrospun antibacterial polyurethane-cellulose acetate-zein composite mats for wound dressing.

In this study, an antibacterial electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds with diameters around 400-700 nm were prepared by physically blending polyurethane (PU) with two biopolymers such as cellulose acetate (CA) and zein. Here, PU was used as the foundation polymer, was blended with CA and zein to achieve desirable properties such as better hydrophilicity, excellent cell attachment, proliferation and blood clotting ability. To prevent common clinical infections, an antimicrobial agent, streptomycin sulfate was incorporated into the electrospun fibers and its antimicrobial ability against the gram negative and gram positive bacteria were examined.