Melodic and articulatory development is delayed in deaf infants aged 2-4 months.

There is a paucity of knowledge about the early vocal development of infants with profound sensorineural hearing loss. In a search for potential differences in cooing vocalisations between hearing impaired (n = 12) and healthy infants (n = 12) aged 2-4 months, more than 2300 sounds were quantitatively analysed. Using objective criteria, laryngeal activity was analysed.

Chromatin profiling data indicate regulatory mechanisms for differentiation during development in the acoel Hofstenia miamia.

Chromatin profiling data can generate and corroborate hypotheses for regulatory events that underlie the control of gene expression in biological processes. Here, we have profiled chromatin accessibility to build a catalog of putative regulatory DNA during embryonic development in an acoel. Acoels represent an enigmatic phylum-level lineage of animals, the Xenacoelomorpha, which is placed either as a sister group to all other animals with bilateral symmetry or as an early diverging ambulacrarian, positioned equally well to inform the evolution of developmental mechanisms.

An orphan gene is essential for efficient sperm entry into eggs in Drosophila melanogaster.

While spermatogenesis has been extensively characterized in the Drosophila melanogaster model system, very little is known about the genes required for fly sperm entry into eggs. We identified a lineage-specific gene, which we named katherine johnson (kj), that is required for efficient fertilization. Males that do not express kj produce and transfer sperm that are stored normally in females, but sperm from these males enter eggs with severely reduced efficiency.

An orphan gene is essential for efficient sperm entry into eggs in .

While spermatogenesis has been extensively characterized in the model system, very little is known about the genes required for fly sperm entry into eggs. We identified a lineage-specific gene, which we named (), that is required for efficient fertilization. Males that do not express produce and transfer sperm that are stored normally in females, but sperm from these males enter eggs with severely reduced efficiency.

Lablab ( L.) genotypes and field margin vegetation influence bean aphids and their natural enemies.

Lablab ( L.) is an important food and livestock feed legume that can also enhance soil fertility. However, its production is limited by insect pests, notably the black bean aphid ().

Methicillin-Resistant Bacteremia Treated With Vancomycin Calculated by Area-Under-the-Curve in Patients With Elevated Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations.

Vancomycin is recommended as first-line treatment of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) bacteremia, dosed by area-under-the-curve (AUC) with an assumed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 mcg/mL via broth microdilution. The purpose of this study was to compare effectiveness of AUC-based and trough-based dosing in MRSA bacteremia with an MIC > 1 mcg/mL via Etest. This was a retrospective, observational cohort that compared vancomycin dosed by AUC or trough between January 1, 2017 and September 1, 2022.

The Influence of a Multistage Mountain-Bike Race on Neuromuscular Activation and Synergies: A Case Study.

Introduction: This case study aimed to describe potential changes in neuromuscular activation and synergies after an 8-day cross-country mountain-bike stage race.

Methods: A peak power output test was performed 5 days before the race. Two days before the start and after 7 days of racing, the athlete performed a power-based Lamberts Submaximal Cycling Test, including surface electromyography, and completed a Daily Analysis of Life Demands of Athletes questionnaire.

Focal acetylcholinergic modulation of the human midcingulo-insular network during attention: Meta-analytic neuroimaging and behavioral evidence.

The basal forebrain cholinergic neurons provide acetylcholine to the cortex via large projections. Recent molecular imaging work in humans indicates that the cortical cholinergic innervation is not uniformly distributed, but rather may disproportionately innervate cortical areas relevant to supervisory attention. In this study, we therefore reexamined the spatial relationship between acetylcholinergic modulation and attention in the human cortex using meta-analytic strategies targeting both pharmacological and non-pharmacological neuroimaging studies.

Combining visual cues and pheromone blends for monitoring and management of the tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae).

Background: The tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) is considered the most damaging pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the mid-southern United States. Previous studies have reported the role of different ratios of volatile metathoracic gland components such as hexyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal in eliciting low-level attraction of L.

Field margins and botanical insecticides enhance yield by reducing aphid pests and supporting natural enemies.

Botanical insecticides offer an environmentally benign insect pest management option for field crops with reduced impacts on natural enemies of pests and pollinators while botanically rich field margins can augment their abundance. Here, we evaluated the non-target effects on natural enemies and pest control efficacy on bean aphids in Lablab of three neem- and pyrethrum-based botanical insecticides (Pyerin75EC®, Nimbecidine® and Pyeneem 20EC®) and determine the influence of florally rich field margin vegetation on the recovery of beneficial insects after treatment. The botanical insecticides were applied at the early and late vegetative growth stages.

From Start to Finish: Examining Factors Associated With Higher Likelihood of Publication Among Abstracts Presented at an International Infectious Diseases Scientific Meeting.

Background: The landscape of infectious diseases research by interprofessional teams continues to change in both scope and engagement. Limited information exists regarding publication metrics and factors associated with publication of abstracts presented at professional infectious diseases meetings.

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study evaluating abstracts presented at IDWeek in 2017 and 2018.

Goals, challenges, and next steps in transdisciplinary fisheries research: perspectives and experiences from early-career researchers.

Fisheries are highly complex social-ecological systems that often face 'wicked' problems from unsustainable resource management to climate change. Addressing these challenges requires transdisciplinary approaches that integrate perspectives across scientific disciplines and knowledge systems. Despite widespread calls for transdisciplinary fisheries research (TFR), there are still limitations in personal and institutional capacity to conduct and support this work to the highest potential.

Plant-Rich Field Margins Influence Natural Predators of Aphids More Than Intercropping in Common Bean.

Field margins support important ecosystem services including natural pest regulation. We investigated the influence of field margins on the spatial and temporal distribution of natural enemies (NEs) of bean pests in smallholder farming systems. We sampled NEs from high and low plant diversity bean fields using sweep netting and coloured sticky traps, comparing monocropped and intercropped farms.

Field Margin Plants Support Natural Enemies in Sub-Saharan Africa Smallholder Common Bean Farming Systems.

Flower-rich field margins provide habitats and food resources for natural enemies of pests (NEs), but their potential, particularly in the tropics and on smallholder farms, is poorly understood. We surveyed field margins for plant-NE interactions in bean fields. NEs most often interacted with (15.

Adolescent substance use: Findings from a state-wide pilot parent education program.

Background: Adolescent substance use has long been a top public health priority. In Indiana, concerning recent trends show high rates of youth alcohol consumption coupled with increasing use of opioids, synthetic marijuana, and over-the-counter drugs. Based on research indicating that parent-based prevention efforts may be a particularly effective way to target adolescent substance use, and in a direct effort to address Indiana's 2017 Strategic Plan to Address Substance Use, we conducted an applied research study targeting parents' knowledge regarding adolescent substance use in Indiana.

The diversity of aphid parasitoids in East Africa and implications for biological control.

Background: Hymenopteran parasitoids provide key natural pest regulation services and are reared commercially as biological control agents. Therefore, understanding parasitoid community composition in natural populations is important to enable better management for optimized natural pest regulation. We carried out a field study to understand the parasitoid community associated with Aphis fabae on East African smallholder farms.

A putative de novo evolved gene required for spermatid chromatin condensation in Drosophila melanogaster.

Comparative genomics has enabled the identification of genes that potentially evolved de novo from non-coding sequences. Many such genes are expressed in male reproductive tissues, but their functions remain poorly understood. To address this, we conducted a functional genetic screen of over 40 putative de novo genes with testis-enriched expression in Drosophila melanogaster and identified one gene, atlas, required for male fertility.

Natural Pest Regulation and Its Compatibility with Other Crop Protection Practices in Smallholder Bean Farming Systems.

Common bean () production and storage are limited by numerous constraints. Insect pests are often the most destructive. However, resource-constrained smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) often do little to manage pests.

Bumble bees show an induced preference for flowers when primed with caffeinated nectar and a target floral odor.

Caffeine is a widely occurring plant defense chemical that occurs in the nectar of some plants, e.g., Coffea or Citrus spp.

Beneficial insects are associated with botanically rich margins with trees on small farms.

Beneficial insect communities on farms are influenced by site- and landscape-level factors, with pollinator and natural enemy populations often associated with semi-natural habitat remnants. They provide ecosystem services essential for all agroecosystems. For smallholders, natural pest regulation may be the only affordable and available option to manage pests.

Insect pollination is important in a smallholder bean farming system.

Background: Many crops are dependent on pollination by insects. Habitat management in agricultural landscapes can support pollinator services and even augment crop production. Common bean ( L.

Multiple ecosystem services from field margin vegetation for ecological sustainability in agriculture: scientific evidence and knowledge gaps.

Background: Field margin and non-crop vegetation in agricultural systems are potential ecosystem services providers because they offer semi-natural habitats for both below and above ground animal groups such as soil organisms, small mammals, birds and arthropods that are service supplying units. They are considered as a target area for enhancing farm biodiversity.

Methodology: To explore the multiple potential benefits of these semi-natural habitats and to identify research trends and knowledge gaps globally, a review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.