Congenital duodenal band masquerading as duodenal atresia in a neonate: a diagnostic challenge.

Duodenal anomalies represent a spectrum of congenital malformations that may present with similar clinical and radiological findings. We report a rare case of a congenital duodenal band mimicking duodenal atresia in a neonate. A primigravida woman in her 20s presented with polyhydramnios and suspected fetal duodenal atresia on antenatal ultrasound.

Thyroglossal duct cyst in the suprasternal region in an adolescent.

Thyroglossal duct cysts are the most common midline neck swelling in childhood, occurring in the line of descent of the thyroid, anywhere between the foramen caecum and the isthmus of the thyroid. However, the most common location is the thyrohyoid. We present a case of an adolescent male who presented with a suprasternal mass, which was clinically diagnosed as a branchial cyst.

Rapid, objective intraoperative mapping of Hirschsprung disease with a portable electrochemical acetylcholine sensor.

Purpose: Surgical procedures for bowel aganglionosis require accurate identification of enteric ganglion cells and cholinergic nerve hypertrophy. Current intraoperative mapping through frozen section histopathology-histochemistry is time-consuming and demands skilled interpretation. This study explores an electrochemical sensor for objective, rapid intraoperative mapping of the aganglionic bowel segment via tissue acetylcholine (ACh) detection.

Correlation of Liver Fibrosis using Noninvasive Transient Elastography with Histological Staging in Infants with Cholestasis - A Prospective Analytical Study.

Aims: This study primarily aimed to correlate liver fibrosis (LF) assessed by transient elastography (TE) using liver stiffness measurement (LSM score) with liver biopsy fibrosis scoring (METAVIR score) in biliary atresia (BA). Secondary objectives were to assess the diagnostic accuracy of TE in distinguishing BA from other causes of neonatal cholestasis (NC) and the correlation of preoperative LSM score with surgical outcomes 3 months post Kasai portoenterostomy.

Methodology: Infants under 6 months with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (July 2022-February 2024) were cases and age- and gender-matched healthy infants served as controls.

Primary hydatid cyst of psoas muscle in an adolescent.

Hydatid disease, a zoonotic infection caused by , primarily affects the liver and lungs but can involve other areas, including muscle tissue, though muscle involvement is rare. This case describes an adolescent girl with a psoas muscle hydatid cyst presenting with abdominal pain, a palpable mass and polymenorrhoea. Imaging and serology confirmed the diagnosis, and treatment included albendazole therapy and surgical excision via transperitoneal laparotomy, followed by a successful recovery with no recurrence at an 18-month follow-up.

Littre's hernia in children.

Meckel's diverticulum is a common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal (GI) system, which remains asymptomatic unless some complications occur. Littre's hernia is a rare complication of Meckel's diverticulum, where it herniates into the hernial sac. It is difficult to diagnose this condition preoperatively.

Congenital Intraoral Dermoid and Epidermoid Cyst with Orocutaneous Fistula Presenting with Life-threatening Airway Obstruction in an Infant.

Dermoid cysts and epidermoid cysts in the floor of the mouth are rare in the pediatric age group. In this case report, we have discussed the presentation, management, and literature review of a 6-month-old female child presenting with both dermoid and epidermoid cysts in the floor of the mouth with an orocutaneous fistula.

Congenital midline upper lip sinus in an infant.

Congenital lip sinus is a rare entity with upper lip sinus being rarer than the lower lip sinus. It can be an isolated entity or associated with cleft lip, palate or Van der Woude syndrome. Syndromic association requires proper evaluation and aggressive surgical treatment.

Assessment of Matrix Metalloprotease - 7 (MMP7) Immunohistochemistry in Biliary Atresia and Other Pediatric Cholestatic Liver Diseases.

Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive fibro-obliterative cholangiopathy. The histopathological diagnosis is often challenging and an immunohistochemical marker is often sought as an adjunct. We evaluated MMP7 immunohistochemistry in BA and other non-BA pediatric cholestatic liver diseases.

Parosteal lipoma of rib causing widening of intercostal space in an adolescent.

Parosteal lipomas are typically seen in adults and affect mostly the diaphysis of the long bones of the upper and lower limbs. Only a few cases have been reported in children until now and none were reported involving ribs. A female adolescent patient presented with swelling on the left upper back over the scapular region for the past 4 years without any neurological deficit.

Loss of interest for training in paediatric surgery in India.

Background Despite the sizeable Indian paediatric population, few students have opted for postdoctoral (Magister Chirurgiae [MCh]/Diplomate of the National Board of Examinations [DNB]) courses in the past decade. We analyse the apparent loss of interest for training in paediatric surgery in India and suggest remedies. Methods We did a combination of an online questionnaire-based survey and several interviews among students, teachers and practitioners of paediatric surgery.

Awareness of Common Pediatric Surgical Entities among Practicing Indian Pediatricians.

Aim: Common pediatric surgical entities often get a delayed referral to the pediatric surgeon in the average Indian scenario. This study was conducted to assess the awareness about management of select common pediatric surgical entities among practicing pediatricians.

Materials And Methods: An online multiple-choice questionnaire consisting of twenty questions related to the diagnosis and management of common pediatric surgical entities encountered by pediatricians in their routine office practice was prepared, and the electronic link was circulated among the practicing pediatricians of India.

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis masquerading as bladder tumor in a child.

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis affecting the urinary bladder is extremely rare, and only around thirty adult cases and two pediatric cases have been reported in the literature. The treatment is predominantly surgical as the lesion is mostly infiltrative and mimics malignancy. We report probably the third pediatric case, who presented with symptoms of urinary tract infection and urinary retention and was initially suspected as bladder tumor on imaging.

Acute limb ischemia following iatrogenic femoral artery injury during orchiopexy.

Orchiopexy for undescended testis is a standard procedure in pediatric patients. Intraoperative complications during orchiopexy are rare. Major complications reported include injury to vas deferens or testicular vessels, leading to testicular atrophy.

Intracranial, Extradural, Hemangiopericytoma in a Neonate.

Intracranial infantile hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare, sparsely documented neoplasm with a relatively favorable prognosis than its adult counterpart. We describe a neonatal extradural, intracranial, infantile HPC managed with near-total excision.

Expression of CD56 is Not Limited to Biliary Atresia and Correlates with the Degree of Fibrosis in Pediatric Cholestatic Diseases.

Backgrounds And Aims: CD56 immunostain is used as an adjunct to aid in the preoperative diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) by liver biopsy. We aimed to study the expression of CD56 in different pediatric cholestatic diseases thereby evaluating its utility in the diagnosis of BA.

Methods: We performed immunohistochemistry for CD56 on 35 cases of pediatric cholestatic diseases and five age-matched controls.

The Presence of Pericholedochal Hyaline Cartilage in Biliary Atresia: A Report and A Review.

The presence of cartilage in extra hepatic biliary tree is an unusual finding. An isolated presence of the cartilage is possibly heterotopic or occurs as a metaplastic response to the inflammatory insult. We had examined the liver biopsy and the resected specimen of a biliary atresia (BA) after Kasai procedure.

Cystic biliary atresia or atretic choledochal cyst: A continuum in infantile obstructive cholangiopathy.

Both cystic biliary atresia and choledochal cyst present as infantile obstructive cholangiopathy. : We detail an infant with congenital biliary dilatation and obstructive cholangiopathy where clinicoradiological features (antenatally imaged subhepatic cyst, early onset jaundice, intrahepatic dilated biliary radicals) suggested a choledochal cyst but operative findings (lack of a distal communication of cyst with duodenum) and histomorphological features (cicatricial collagen and myofibroblastic hyperplasia in the cyst wall; ductal plate malformation, ductular cholestasis and strong expression of CD56 in the liver) were those associated with biliary atresia. : The observations support the contention that BA and CC may be interim entities in a continuum of manifestation of the same pathology.

Multiple neural tube defects may not be very rare.

Background: Multiple neural tube defects (MNTDs) are a rare occurrence. Although the clinical incidence is small, MNTDs raise some interesting embryological queries.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the morphological and clinical variations observed in neonates presenting with multiple neural tube defects and associated central nervous system anomalies.

Rare association in a female DSD case of phallus, accessory phallic urethra, perineal lipoma and anterior ectopic anus.

Disorders of sex differentiation (DSD) are a heterogeneous and broad spectrum group of diseases with a varied appearance. Presence of an accessory phallus with a phallic urethra in association with a normal vagina in a female is an extremely uncommon anomaly. We present a rare case of a genotypically female child with a normal urethra and vagina in association with a phallus, accessory phallic urethra, perineal lipoma and anterior ectopic anus.

Role of preoperative 3D CT reconstruction for evaluation of patients with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.

Objective: The role of preoperative contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) of chest with three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions was evaluated in neonates with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.

Methods: This was a prospective study which investigated 30 cases of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula. All patients were evaluated preoperatively with contrast-enhanced spiral CT using a low-dose CT protocol.

Glial heterotopia of maxilla: A clinical surprise.

Glial heterotopia is a rare congenital mass lesion which often presents as a clinical surprise. We report a case of extranasal glial heterotopia in a neonate with unusual features. The presentation, management strategy, etiopathogenesis and histopathology of the mass lesion has been reviewed.