Study of 18 F-fluciclovine PET for serial assessment of glioblastoma tumor volumes during surgery and radiotherapy.

Purpose: Recent evidence supports incorporating 18 F-Fluciclovine PET for glioblastoma treatment planning and monitoring, as it better captures tumor infiltration compared to conventional MRI. However, the relationship between PET- and MRI-defined tumor volumes remains unclear, particularly in the post-treatment setting. This study prospectively compares tumor volumes on MRI and PET at multiple timepoints throughout the treatment course and evaluates volumetric changes with therapy.

Imaging and clinical course of metastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET): A single center case series.

PurposeMetastatic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are exceedingly rare tumors that are typically diagnosed at the time of metastasis. Given the rarity of metastatic PitNET tumors, the pattern of metastasis and imaging appearance of CNS and extra neural metastasis is under reported and poorly understood.MethodsIn this retrospective case series, we present 14 consecutive patients with pathology-confirmed metastatic PitNET tumors.

Adoption of the T2-FLAIR Mismatch Sign Among Radiologists: How Well Are We Doing?

Background And Purpose: The classic T2-FLAIR mismatch sign is a highly specific MRI feature that can aid in preoperative diagnosis of IDH-mutant 1p/19q noncodeleted gliomas and affect surgical planning. This study aimed to assess the real-world utilization of the T2-FLAIR mismatch sign in clinical practice, and to explore the frequencies of classic-and partial T2-FLAIR mismatch within the IDH-mutant 1p/19q noncodeleted glioma population stratified by tumor grade.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study from a dedicated cancer referral center included 251 patients with IDH-mutant astrocytoma diagnosed between 2017 and 2022.

Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasound in Neck Node NI-RADS Category 2.

Background And Purpose: The Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System (NI-RADS) scoring system standardized imaging surveillance of head and neck (H&N) cancer with risk classification. A nodal NI-RADS score of 2 on contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the neck indicates low suspicion for recurrence/persistent disease, and close follow-up or addition of PET is recommended. The unclear follow-up imaging findings and/or mild FDG uptake raise the patient's anxiety about potential delay in diagnosis and intervention while adding high imaging costs.

[F]-FDG Uptake as a Marker of Residual Anaplastic and Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma following -Targeted Therapy.

Background And Purpose: Neoadjuvant -directed therapy and immunotherapy followed by surgery improves survival in patients with -mutant anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), more so in those who have complete ATC pathologic response. This study assesses the ability of FDG-PET to noninvasively detect residual high-risk pathologies including ATC and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) in the preoperative setting.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included consecutive -mutant patients with ATC treated with at least 30 days of neoadjuvant -directed therapy and who underwent FDG-PET/CT within 30 days before surgery.

The Impact of MRI-Based Advanced Neuroimaging on Neurooncologists' Clinical Decision-Making in Patients With Posttreatment High-Grade Glioma: A Prospective Survey-Based Study.

Advanced MRI-based neuroimaging techniques, such as perfusion and spectroscopy, have been increasingly incorporated into routine follow-up protocols in patients treated for high-grade glioma (HGG), to help differentiate tumor progression from treatment effect. However, these techniques' influence on clinical management remains poorly understood. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the impact of MRI-based advanced neuroimaging on clinical decision-making in patients with HGG after treatment.

Artificial intelligence/machine learning for neuroimaging to predict hemorrhagic transformation: Systematic review/meta-analysis.

Background And Purpose: Early and reliable prediction of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is crucial for treatment decisions and early intervention. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models that utilize neuroimaging to predict HT.

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science was conducted until February 19, 2024.

Imaging Features of Primary Intracranial Sarcoma with Mutation: A Multicenter Case Series.

Primary intracranial sarcoma, -mutant, is a rare, recently described entity in the fifth edition of the WHO Classification of CNS Tumors. Given the entity's rarity and recent description, imaging data on primary intracranial sarcoma, -mutant, remains scarce. In this multicenter case series, we present detailed multimodality imaging features of primary intracranial sarcoma, -mutant, with emphasis on the appearance of the entity on MR imaging.

Utilizing imaging parameters for functional outcome prediction in acute ischemic stroke: A machine learning study.

Background And Purpose: We aimed to predict the functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusions (LVOs), irrespective of how they were treated or the severity of the stroke at admission, by only using imaging parameters in machine learning models.

Methods: Consecutive adult patients with anterior circulation LVOs who were scanned with CT angiography (CTA) and CT perfusion were queried in this single-center, retrospective study. The favorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin score (mRS) of 0-2 at 90 days.

The T2-FLAIR mismatch sign in oncologic neuroradiology: History, current use, emerging data, and future directions.

The T2-Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (T2-FLAIR) mismatch sign is a radiogenomic marker that is easily discernible on preoperative conventional MR imaging. Application of strict criteria (adult population, cerebral hemisphere location, and classic imaging morphology) permits the noninvasive preoperative diagnosis of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant 1p/19q-non-codeleted diffuse astrocytoma with near-perfect specificity, albeit with variably low sensitivity. This leads to improved preoperative planning and patient counseling.

Correlating volumetric and linear measurements of brain metastases on MRI scans using intelligent automation software: a preliminary study.

Purpose: The Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Brain Metastases (RANO-BM) working group proposed a guide for treatment responses for BMs by utilizing the longest diameter; however, despite recognizing that many patients with BMs have sub-centimeter lesions, the group referred to these lesions as unmeasurable due to issues with repeatability and interpretation. In light of RANO-BM recommendations, we aimed to correlate linear and volumetric measurements in sub-centimeter BMs on contrast-enhanced MRI using intelligent automation software.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with BMs scanned with MRI between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021, were screened.

Biomechanical Evaluation of Topographically and Tomographically Normal Fellow Eyes of Patients With Keratoconus.

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of parameters and indices based on biomechanical measures at discriminating fellow eyes with topographically and tomographically normal corneas in patients with keratoconus from normal control corneas.

Methods: The study included 47 keratoconus suspect eyes, defined as the topographically and tomographically normal fellow eyes of patients with frank keratoconus in the other eye. Eyes were imaged using the Pentacam HR and Corvis ST (both Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH).