Tailored nutrition strategies for Paralympic athletes: addressing unique energy, nutrients, and hydration needs to enhance performance and health.

The achievements of Olympic athletes are often highlighted, whereas the successes of Paralympians are frequently overlooked. Paralympic athletes with disabilities face unique nutritional challenges due to variations in energy expenditure and nutrient requirements associated with their specific disabilities and sports. Hydration is critical, particularly for athletes with spinal cord injuries, who may struggle with body temperature regulation.

Combined enzymes and Aleppo pine essential oil to control biofilms on stainless steel and plastic surfaces.

This study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm activity of Aleppo pine essential oil (APEO); hydrolytic enzyme mixtures or their combination in two sequential washing steps against on plastic and stainless steel surfaces. The minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of APEO against strains were 500-1,000 µg/ml, and 1,000-4,000 µg/ml, respectively. Further, APEO showed antibiofilm activity where 4 × MIC APEO at 25 °C for 30 min reduced cells by 1.