Recurrent Aseptic Meningitis Without Identifiable Pathogens: A Case Report.

Recurrent meningitis without an identifiable pathogen is an infrequent but taxing diagnostic dilemma, particularly when multiple systemic comorbidities obscure both the clinical picture and the laboratory data. A 66-year-old man with dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and a left ventricular thrombus experienced five meningitic episodes over six years. Each event featured holocephalic headache radiating to the neck, neck stiffness, vomiting, transient dysarthria, and gait ataxia.

Periodic discharges in portable EEG of critically ill patients with altered mentation; an alerting and alarming phenomena with helpful clues.

Introduction: Periodic discharges (PDs) in critically ill patients with altered mental status (CIPAMS) have important implications. This study aimed to describe different characteristics of PDs in CIPAMS using routine electroencephalogram.

Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at King Fahd University Hospital.

Achievement of No Evidence of Disease Activity-3 with Oral Disease-Modifying Treatment in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: There is scant data regarding the use of oral disease-modifying treatments (oDMT) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (PwRRMS) from Saudi Arabia.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the response rate to oDMT in PwRRMS compared to interferon (IFN) in terms of achieving no evidence of disease activity-3 (NEDA-3).

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia and included all adult PwRRMS over a 2-year period who were on oDMTs or IFN for <1 year.

Clinical and Radiological Parameters Affecting the Yield of Routine Electroencephalography in Various Indications.

Objectives: To highlight the significance of various clinical and radiological parameters in association with specific electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns in order to prioritize EEG referrals.

Method: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in the neurology department of King Fahad University Hospital, Alkhobar, and involved a review and analysis of EEG and medical records pertaining to 604 patients referred for routine EEG. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

Utility of Various Activation Procedures in Provoking Ictal and Interictal Patterns, during Routine Electroencephalogram (rEEG) Recording.

Background: Activation procedures (APs) are adopted during routine electroencephalography (rEEG) to provoke interictal epileptiform abnormalities (EAs). This study aimed to observe interictal and ictal (EAs) of different EEG patterns, provoked by various APs.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed in the neurology department of King Fahd hospital of university, Saudi Arabia.

The Relative Impact of Clinical and Investigational Factors to Predict the Outcome in Stroke Patients.

Objective: As stroke is still considered a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, it is crucial to find the factors affecting the outcome in these patients. We aimed to interpret the various clinical and investigational parameters and establish their association with the outcome in stroke patients.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study, conducted in the Department of Neurology between June 2019 to November 2021.

Characteristics of Stroke-related Seizures and their Predictive Factors: A Tertiary Care Center Experience.

Background And Purpose: Various risk factors have been described in the literature that increase the risk of seizures associated with stroke. This study was aimed to determine the occurrence rate of poststroke seizures (PSSs) and the associated risk factors in Arab population.

Materials And Methods: Study included all stroke patients aged >18 years with a minimum follow-up of 24 months following stroke to identify seizure occurrence.

Factors Affecting the Activation and Appearances of Epileptiform Abnormalities in Routine Electroencephalography by Different Provocation Methods.

Objective: The objective of this study was to observe the effects of various clinical factors on the activation and appearance of epileptiform abnormalities (EAs) in routine electroencephalography (rEEG) by different provocation methods.

Methods: This observational study involved a review of 136 patients presented for EEG recording due to various indications and their EEG showing EAs during various provocation methods.

Results: Generalized spike-wave discharges (GSWDs) were the most frequent activated epileptiform pattern observed in, 81 (59.

Characteristics and outcomes of large artery occlusion-related stroke due to intracranial atherostenosis: An experience from a single center in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Literature on the frequency, response to treatment, and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to intracranial atherostenosis (ICAS)-related intracranial large artery occlusion (ILAO) from Saudi Arabia is scarce. The aim of this study was to identify the percentage, describe the characteristics, and observe the treatment response in patients with AIS attributed to ICAS-related ILAO.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study included all adult patients from 2017-2021 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the diagnosis of ICAS-related AIS.

Outcomes and predictors of seizure recurrence in post-stroke epilepsy, a retrospective hospital-based study.

Background: The occurrence of seizures following a stroke is a well-recognized complication associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. Despite the numerous studies examining outcomes and risk factors related to post-stroke seizures (PSS), there remains a lack of clarity regarding the clinical characteristics, treatment, and PSS recurrence (PSSR) rates in patients experiencing their initial episode of PSS.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for developing recurrent seizures after first PSS and their effects on functional outcomes and mortality.

Clinical Implications of Various Electroencephalographic Patterns in Post-Stroke Seizures. The Utility of Routine Electroencephalogram.

Post-stroke seizures (PSS) are one of the major stroke-related complications. Early therapeutic interventions are critical therefore using electroencephalography (EEG) as a predictive tool for future recurrence may be helpful. We aimed to assess frequencies of different EEG patterns in patients with PSS and their association with seizure recurrence and functional outcomes.

Prospective Matched Case-Control Study of Over-Early P100 Wave Latency in Migraine with Aura.

A sizable portion of the world's population suffers from migraines with aura. The purpose of this research is to describe the findings of a case-control study that was carried out to gain a better understanding of how migraine with aura manifests. The research looked at the P100 delay of the visual-evoked potential in both eyes of 92 healthy people and 44 patients who suffered from migraines with visual aura.

Association between glycated hemoglobin and functional outcomes in patients with intracranial large artery atherosclerotic disease-related acute ischemic stroke: identifying the magic number.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level on the functional outcome (FOC) in patients with intracranial large artery atherosclerotic disease (ICLAD)-related acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients with ICLAD-related AIS who were admitted to King Fahd University Hospital between January 2017 and September 2021. Patients were divided into two groups based on the optimal cutoff HbA1c level determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis-those with HbA1c ≤6.

Colloidal/Calcified at University Hospital of KSA: A Case Series.

Background: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is considered the most common central nervous system (CNS) helminthic infection. The prevalence of NCC cases in the Middle East has increased in recent years. Thirty-nine cases of NCC were reported between 2003-2011 in the Arabian Peninsula, among, five cases being from the kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Important Factors to Expect the Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: An Observational Study From a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has worse clinical outcomes than other stroke types. The risk factors contributing to ICH outcomes are not entirely understood, and published literature from Saudi Arabia on ICH outcomes is limited. Our goal was to study the specific clinical and imaging determinants of ICH outcomes.

Obesity and metabolic syndrome in patients with epilepsy, their relation with epilepsy control.

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are commonly observed in patients with epilepsy (PWE). Obesity and MetS are not only affecting the physical fitness and quality of life of these patients, rather antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) compliance and seizure control have also been affected. The objective of this review is to search the published literature regarding the prevalence of obesity and MetS in PWE and their relation to the response to AEDs.

Therapeutic Dilemma of Wake-up Stroke: Clinical and Brain Imaging Characteristics and Reperfusion as a Treatment Option.

Wake-up stroke (WUS) comprises a significant proportion of ischemic strokes. However, due to unclear onset, these patients are often not considered for reperfusion therapy. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical and imaging differences between WUS patients and those with clear-onset stroke, documenting any sex, age, or risk factor predilection for WUS.

Prevalence and Clinico-Radiologic Spectrum of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease-Related Stroke: An Observation from a Single Center in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is an important etiologic subtype of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, little direct evidence is available regarding ICAD-related stroke in Saudi Arabia (SA). This study aimed to identify the prevalence and describe the clinico-radiological spectrum of ICAD-related AIS in a SA cohort.

Non-HDL Cholesterol, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Epileptic Patients.

To compare cardiovascular risk factors in patients with epilepsy with those of non-epileptic neurologic patients to determine their association with antiepileptic drug therapy. This observational study with a cross-sectional design was performed in a tertiary care hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia from January to December 2018. A total of 110 patients with epilepsy were included in the study, along with 46 age- and sex-matched non-epileptic controls (approximate ratio of 2:1).

Driving Habits Among Patients With Epilepsy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Patients with epilepsy are instructed to avoid high-risk situations such as certain occupations and driving to prevent harm to themselves and others. There is considerable variation in standards to decide if a patient with epilepsy is fit to drive among various countries worldwide, and these patients often continue to drive despite being advised not to. The objective of this study was to determine if patients with epilepsy and uncontrolled epilepsy are driving, the awareness of epilepsy patients regarding driving, and whether physicians are advising the patients to stop driving.

Preventable Etiologies of Epilepsies in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Care Experience.

To determine the etiologies of epilepsy in a cohort of patients using the International League Against Epilepsy 2017 classification system and to determine frequencies of preventable causes and their clinical characteristics. Epileptic patients in neurology clinics at a tertiary care hospital were prospectively recruited from June 1, 2018, to November 30, 2018. Patients were divided according to their respective etiologic categories.

An Observational Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Conventional Anticoagulation Versus New Oral Anticoagulants in the Management of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis.

To compare the safety and efficacy of conventional anticoagulants with new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). This was a retrospective, prospective cohort study of patients who presented with CVST to a tertiary stroke center in the Middle East from January 2012 to October 2019. Patients with a diagnosis of CVST were identified, and data were analyzed for demographic characteristics.

When Brain Biopsy Solves the Dilemma of Diagnosing Atypical Cerebral Amyoild Angiopathy: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-ri) is an acknowledged syndrome of reversible encephalopathy, also known as cerebral ß-related angiitis. It is characterized by brisk progressive higher mental dysfunctions, headaches, seizures/epilepsy, and behavioral changes, and is highly responsive to immunosuppressive medications. To quickly and properly determine patients' management plans and prognoses, doctors are left with only CAA-ri-associated behavioral changes and seizures, in addition to a high index of suspicion of the correct diagnosis.

Migraine Prevalence, Characteristics, Triggers, and Coping Strategies Among Medical Students in Saudi Arabia.

To determine the prevalence, characteristics, and triggers of migraine and coping strategies used among medical students in Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among undergraduate students in the College of Medicine of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Included students were in their second to sixth academic year of the Bachelor of Medicine or Bachelor of Surgery programs during the 2019-2020 academic year.

Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Young Patients From a Tertiary Care Center in Saudi Arabia: An Observational Study.

Young patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) make up a small but important subgroup of patients with ICH. This study investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hypertensive ICH in very young (18-45 years) and young (46-55 years) patients. This was a retrospective study of patients aged 18-55 years with hypertensive ICH admitted to a hospital from April 2014 to April 2019.