Comparative Safety of Janus Kinase Inhibitors vs Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonists in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Background & Aims: We conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing the safety of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors vs tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF) antagonists in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).

Methods: Using an administrative claims database, we identified patients with IBD who were new users of either JAK inhibitors or TNF antagonists between 2016 and 2023 and had insurance coverage for at least 1 year before and after treatment initiation. We compared the risk of infections (overall and serious infections requiring hospitalization), venous thromboembolism (VTE), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) through stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighted Cox proportional hazards model accounting for disease characteristics, health care utilization, comorbidities, prior and concomitant medications, and competing risk of mortality.

Outcomes of Eyes Undergoing Silicone Oil Removal Following Complex Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair.

Background: Describe outcomes following silicone oil removal (SOR) in eyes undergoing complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair with silicone oil (SO) tamponade.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of eyes undergoing SOR after SO placement (SOP) for RRD repair between January 2016 and December 2021. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy and postoperative follow-up periods of < 3 months were exclusionary.

Open-Globe Injury With Globe Penetration Leading to Complex Retinal Detachment After Intraoral Anesthetic Injection.

To report a case of a suspected open-globe injury and globe penetration complicated by a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after administration of intraoral anesthetic injections during an endodontic procedure. A retrospective chart review was performed. A 34-year-old woman presented with acute onset of flashes, floaters, and a curtain-like shadow across her field of vision.

CLINICALLY RELEVANT POSTERIOR VITREOUS DETACHMENT STAGING USING CIRCUMPAPILLARY AND MACULAR VOLUME OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate retinal nerve fiber layer circumpapillary optical coherence tomography to determine posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) status and to develop a clinically relevant PVD grading scale based on retinal nerve fiber layer circumpapillary optical coherence tomography to determine the incidence of PVD by age and association with vitreomacular traction disorders.

Methods: Ophthalmic images and medical records of patients with retinal diseases were retrospectively analyzed by three masked graders using retinal nerve fiber layer circumpapillary optical coherence tomography and macular optical coherence tomography. Based on PVD status, eyes were categorized into five newly defined PVD stages.

MANAGEMENT OF LARGE FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLES: Long-Term Outcomes of Internal Limiting Membrane Flaps and Internal Limiting Membrane Peels.

Background/purpose: To determine and compare the efficacy of a surgical internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique with the traditional ILM peel on long-term visual and anatomical outcomes for large (>400 µm) full-thickness macular holes.

Methods: From October 2016 to July 2022, patients undergoing initial full-thickness macular hole repair with the ILM flap or ILM peel technique were reviewed. Final outcomes were recorded and based on size in microns: 401 to 800, 801 to 1,200, and >1,200.

Treatment of geographic atrophy: an update on data related to pegcetacoplan.

Purpose Of Review: Geographic atrophy is an advanced and currently untreatable form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which leads to significant compromise of visual function and quality of life. Dysregulation of the complement cascade has been directly implicated in AMD pathogenesis. Pegcetacoplan is a pegylated highly selective bicyclic peptide that inhibits the cleavage of complement component 3 (C3), which represents a key step in propagation of the complement cascade.

Impact of Prefilled Syringes and Masking on Postintravitreal Injection Endophthalmitis.

To compare rates of endophthalmitis (1) following intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor therapies with glass-vial preparation (GVP) vs prefilled syringes (PFS) and (2) before and after masking protocols were implemented. Medical records within a multicenter retina practice in Houston, Texas, from January 2015 to August 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was rate of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection.

Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors in Prospective Retina-Focused Clinical Trial Screening and Enrollment.

Historically marginalized populations are disproportionately affected by many diseases that commonly affect the retina, yet they have been traditionally underrepresented in prospective clinical trials. This study explores whether this disparity affects the clinical trial enrollment process in the retina field and aims to inform future trial recruitment and enrollment. Age, gender, race, ethnicity, preferred language, insurance status, social security number (SSN) status, and median household income (estimated using street address and zip code) for patients referred to at least one prospective, retina-focused clinical trial at a large, urban, retina-based practice were retrospectively extracted using electronic medical records.

Risk Factors for the Development of Fellow Eye Horseshoe Retinal Tears Following Horseshoe Retinal Tear in the Presenting Eye.

Background: This study investigated factors associated with fellow eye horseshoe retinal tear (HST) development in consecutive patients with a presenting eye HST.

Materials And Methods: Medical records were reviewed for patients with initial HSTs between 2015 and 2017 and 24 factors were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with fellow eye HST development.

USE OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN DETECTING RETINAL TEARS IN ACUTE, SYMPTOMATIC POSTERIOR VITREOUS DETACHMENT.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of posterior vitreous opacities (PVOs) on optical coherence tomography with retinal tears identified on examination in patients with acute, symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).

Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from the medical records of 388 patients with acute, symptomatic PVD between January 1, 2021, and June 30, 2021. Included patients had received a primary diagnosis of PVD and presented with flashes and/or floaters.

Micelle-in-Liposomes for Sustained Delivery of Anticancer Agents That Promote Potent TRAIL-Induced Cancer Cell Apoptosis.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces cancer cell-specific apoptosis and has garnered intense interest as a promising agent for cancer treatment. However, the development of TRAIL has been hampered in part because most human cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL. A few small molecules including natural compounds such as piperlongumine (PL) have been reported to sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL.

TOXIC POSTERIOR SEGMENT SYNDROME AFTER DROPLESS CATARACT SURGERY WITH COMPOUNDED TRIAMCINOLONE-MOXIFLOXACIN.

Purpose: To report toxic posterior segment syndrome after dropless cataract surgery using locally compounded triamcinolone-moxifloxacin.

Methods: A retrospective case review of 7 patients presenting with a decrease in visual acuity after dropless cataract surgery.

Results: All patients experienced significant reductions in best-corrected visual acuity of the postoperative eye ranging from 20/40 to count finger at 4 feet (average best-corrected visual acuity 20/220) immediately after surgery.

Optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer analysis in eyes with long axial lengths.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between axial length (AL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) profile and to characterize differences in optical coherence tomography RNFL of myopic glaucomatous eyes compared to nonglaucomatous eyes.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of 170 eyes of 89 subjects with optical biometry and optical coherence tomography RNFL assessment was conducted.

Results: Temporal RNFL thickness showed no association with AL in either glaucomatous or nonglaucomatous eyes.

A Case of Endophthalmitis After Bilateral Medial Rectus Recession.

A 9-month-old male infant with a history of Down syndrome underwent bilateral medial rectus recession. Two weeks postoperatively, he developed leukocoria of the left eye with a white opacity posterior to the lens, numerous undulations, necrosis, and hemorrhages in the retrolental space. His contralateral eye had white retinal lesions nasally.

Molecular characterization and brain distribution of the progesterone receptor in whiptail lizards.

Progesterone and its nuclear receptor are critical in modulating reproductive physiology and behavior in female and male vertebrates. Whiptail lizards (genus Cnemidophorus) are an excellent model system in which to study the evolution of sexual behavior, as both the ancestral and descendent species exist. Male-typical sexual behavior is mediated by progesterone in both the ancestral species and the descendant all-female species, although the molecular characterization and distribution of the progesterone receptor protein throughout the reptilian brain is not well understood.