Biomonitoring of microplastics in saliva and hands of young children in kindergartens: identification, quantification, and exposure assessment.

Microplastics (MPs), small plastic particles increasingly accumulating in the environment and encountered by humans, pose a particular risk to children due to their heightened vulnerability compared to adults. This study pioneered biological monitoring of MPs and investigated the presence and potential exposure of MPs in the saliva and on the hands of young children attending kindergartens in Kerman, Iran. A sample of 100 children aged 3 to 6 years was randomly selected from five kindergartens across five districts (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5).

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances as forever chemicals in drinking water: Unraveling the nexus with obesity and endocrine disruption - A mini review.

Per- and Poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are among the substances that have been widely employed across the world due to their distinct features. These chemicals' great stability in the environment and capacity to be released from consumer goods have demonstrated their existence in all matrices. Additionally, the world's attention has been drawn to these substances' direct relation to human health in recent years.