Foliar spray of carbon quantum dots alleviated cadmium stress in Dracocephalum Moldavica by altering physiological and biochemical responses.

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), characterized by their unique structure and remarkable fluorescence properties, could affect physiological efficiency under heavy metal stress by contributing to metal detoxification and ion homeostasis at the cellular level. Thus, a pot experiment with a factorial arrangement (in three replicates) was laid out to investigate the effects of foliar application of CQDs (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg L) under various cadmium levels (0, 25 and 50 mg kg) in Dracocephalum moldavica (dragonhead) plants. Foliar application of CQDs with 4 mg L⁻¹ concentration (optimal level) mitigated cadmium stress via an enhancement in vacuolar H+-ATPase activity and nutrient uptake.

The role of magnesium oxide foliar sprays in enhancing mint (Mentha crispa L.) tolerance to cadmium stress.

This study investigates using magnesium foliar spray to enhance mint plants' growth and physiological performance under cadmium toxicity. It examines the effects of foliar application of magnesium oxide (40 mg L), in both nano and bulk forms, on mint plants exposed to cadmium stress (60 mg kg soil). Cadmium stress reduced root growth and activity, plant biomass (32%), leaf hydration (19%), chlorophyll levels (27%), magnesium content (51%), and essential oil yield (35%), while increasing oxidative and osmotic stress in leaf tissues.

Biochar-based nanoparticles mitigated arsenic toxicity and improved physiological performance of basil via enhancing cation exchange capacity and ferric chelate reductase activity.

The modified biochars have positive effects in reducing heavy metal toxicity for plants. However, the mechanism and extent of these effects on mitigating arsenic toxicity and plant performance are not clear. Thus, a pot experiment was conducted as factorial to evaluate the potential of fresh and enriched biochars with potassium and magnesium nano-sulfates [potassium-enriched biochar (K-BC), magnesium-enriched biochar (Mg-BC) in individual and combined forms] on reducing arsenic toxicity (non-contamination, 50, and 100 mg NaAsO kg soil) in basil plants.

The biochar-based nanocomposites improve seedling emergence and growth of dill by changing phytohormones and sugar signaling under salinity.

Biochar-based nanocomposites (BNCs) with a high level of sodium sorption capacity may improve salinity tolerance and seedling establishment of dill. Thus, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of solid biochar (30 g solid biochar kg soil) and biochar-based nanocomposites of iron (BNC-FeO) and zinc (BNC-ZnO) in individual (30 g BNC kg soil) and a combined form (15 g BNC-FeO + 15 g BNC-ZnO kg soil) on dill seedling growth in different levels of salt stress (non-saline, 6 and 12 dSm). Salinity caused a decrease in emergence percentage and emergence rate of seedlings.

The biochar-based nanocomposites influence the quantity, quality and antioxidant activity of essential oil in dill seeds under salt stress.

The essential oil content and composition of medicinal plants may be influenced by eco-friendly products for nutrient availability under abiotic stresses. This research was conducted to determine the effects of biochar (30 g kg soil) and biochar-based nanocomposites (BNCs) of iron (30 g BNC-FeO kg soil), zinc (30 g BNC-ZnO kg soil), and their combined form (15 + 15 g) on dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under salinity levels (non-saline, 6 and 12 dS m).

Biochar-based nutritional nanocomposites: a superior treatment for alleviating salt toxicity and improving physiological performance of dill (Anethum graveolens).

Biochar-supported metal oxide nanocomposites as functional materials could help to improve the production and stress tolerance of plants by enhancing the physicochemical properties of biochar. This experiment was carried out to assess the effects of unmodified biochar (30 g kg soil) and biochar-based nanocomposites (BNCs) of iron (30 g BNC-FeO kg soil), zinc (30 g BNC-ZnO kg soil), and a combined form (15 g BNC-FeO + 15 g BNC-ZnO kg soil) on dill (Anethum graveolens L.) plants under various salinity levels (non-saline, 6 and 12 dS m).

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Pseudomonas in reduce drought stress damage in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.): a field study.

Drought stress, which is one of the most serious world environmental threats to crop production, might be compensated by some free living and symbiotic soil microorganisms. The physiological response of flax plants to inoculation with two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Funneliformis mosseae or Rhizophagus intraradices) and a phosphate solubilizing bacterium (Pseudomonas putida P13; PSB) was evaluated under different irrigation regimes (irrigation after 60, 120, and 180 mm of evaporation from Class A pan as well-watered, mild, and severe stress, respectively). A factorial (three factors) experiment was conducted for 2 years (2014-2015) based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Urmia University, Urmia, located at North-West of Iran (37° 39' 24.