Diagnostic Accuracy of 4D CT in Detecting Parathyroid Adenoma Compared With Ultrasound and Sestamibi SPECT/CT in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Retrospective Study.

Background The accurate preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas is crucial for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). This study assessed the diagnostic performance of four-dimensional computed tomography (4D CT) in detecting parathyroid adenomas, compared with ultrasound (USG) and technetium methoxy isobutyl isonitrile single photon emission computed tomography (99mTc-sestamibi SPECT/CT). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 53 patients with biochemically confirmed PHPT who underwent all three preoperative imaging modalities, followed by parathyroidectomy from January 2020 to January 2025.

Link between type 2 diabetes mellitus and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a strong bidirectional relationship. T2DM increases the risk of developing HCC, mainly through the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis pathway, but a significant proportion of patients develop HCC without developing cirrhosis. The identification of HCC in T2DM patients is difficult considering the low incidence of HCC and the high prevalence of T2DM.

The Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Comparison to Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Gestational Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has emerged as an important tool for managing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), offering real-time glucose data and the potential for improved glycemic control. Unlike traditional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), which provides intermittent readings, CGM captures continuous glucose fluctuations, including postprandial and nocturnal changes, which are critical in GDM management.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of CGM compared with SMBG in managing glycemic control in women with GDM, focusing on key glycemic metrics such as time in range (TIR) and glycemic variability (GV), and exploring their associations with maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Exploring the Association Between Vitamin D and IL-10 in Allergic Parthenium Contact Dermatitis Patients.

Introduction The imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators was suggested to be a contributory factor to the manifestations of allergic parthenium dermatitis. Inadequate circulating vitamin D and IL-10 levels can significantly influence the course of this allergic dermatitis. Objective The objective was to study the association between circulating IL-10 levels and vitamin D status in patients with parthenium dermatitis.

A Tumultuous Journey of Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor with Carcinoid Syndrome.

A 25-year-old woman presented with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with carcinoid syndrome. She was refractory to octreotide and did not respond well to chemotherapy. Although surgical debulking remains the primary approach for managing these tumours, it entails inherent risks, including potentially exacerbating carcinoid syndrome.

Effects of Six Months of Levothyroxine Therapy on Sympathovagal Imbalance and Cardiometabolic Profile in Overt Hypothyroid Patients.

Introduction: Hypothyroidism, a common endocrine disorder, is linked to cardiovascular risks arising from autonomic imbalance and metabolic dysregulation. While overt hypothyroidism (OH) manifests distinct thyroid hormone abnormalities, subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) presents milder hormonal changes. Levothyroxine therapy is widely used for thyroid function restoration, but its long-term effects on autonomic and cardiovascular health in OH remain understudied.

Role of Anabolic Anti-Osteoporosis Therapy in Diabetes Subjects.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that leads to the destruction of various tissues including bones. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis (OP) varies in DM due to many specific factors. DM increases the risk of fracture as well as post-fracture mortality.

Acute Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries Across Endocrine Disorders: A Case Series.

The endocrine and cardiology interface is particularly interesting and important. This is a case series of 3 endocrine diseases presenting with acute myocardial infarction without obstructive coronary arterial diseases (MINOCA). The diagnosis was Cushing's disease due to pituitary microadenoma, adrenal pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperaldosteronism due to unilateral adrenal hyperplasia.

Effect of metformin on exercise capacity in treatment naïve type 2 diabetes patients.

Objectives: Exercise capacity is decreased in diabetes mellitus due to impaired insulin sensitivity, endothelial dysfunction and mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of metformin on exercise capacity in treatment naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were tested for baseline insulin resistance and exercise capacity, before starting on metformin.

Clinical, Hormonal, and Genetic Spectrum of 46 XY Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD) Patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical, hormonal and genetic characteristics of 46XY disorders of sexual development (DSD) patients from South India.

Methods: 46XY DSD patients with a provisional diagnosis of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (17BHSD3) deficiency, 5 alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency (5ARD2) or partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) based on clinical and hormonal analysis were included in this study. All the patients underwent detailed clinical and hormonal evaluations.

Insulin Sensitivity, Islet Cell Function, and Incretin Axis in Pregnant Women With and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare insulin sensitivity, islet cell function, and incretin axes in pregnant subjects with GDM and normal healthy controls.

Methods: Pregnant women at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation were subjected to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Samples for glucose, insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min during the OGTT.

Effect of Zoledronic Acid in Hepatic Osteodystrophy: A Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Literature on the treatment of pre-transplant hepatic osteodystrophy (HOD) is limited. The general treatment measures and their timing are currently adopted from the literature on postmenopausal osteoporosis. Therefore, we conducted this randomized study to investigate the effect of zoledronic acid (ZA) on HOD.

Male Hypogonadism After Recovery from Acute COVID-19 Infection: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) due to the expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of hypogonadism and Sertoli cell dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) male survivors.

Method: Male subjects recovered from acute COVID-19 infection were prospectively observed.

Clinical Features of Unrecognized Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 17α-hydroxylase Deficiency Since Adolescence: A Case Report.

The majority of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) present with a deficiency of 21-hydroxylase or 11-beta-hydroxylase, which account for 90% and 7% of cases, respectively. However, CAH due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency (17OHD) is an extremely rare form of CAH (<1% of all CAH cases) that leads to a deficiency of cortisol and sex steroids, along with features of aldosterone excess. This is a case of a 51-year-old single female who was referred to us for the evaluation of new-onset hypertension and hypokalaemia of one-year duration.

The Association of Dyslipidemia and Atherogenic Indices With Glycemic Control in Diabetic Dyslipidemia Patients: A Real-World Landscape.

Background: Dyslipidemia is an important comorbid factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the pattern of dyslipidemia and atherogenic indices and determine its relation with glycemic control.

Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 382 patients with diabetic dyslipidemia.

Effects of Vitamin D on Migraine: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in mean serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level between migraineurs and nonmigraineurs, the association between hypovitaminosis D and migraine, and the effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on migraine-related symptoms as compared to placebo.

Methods: Relevant databases were searched for observational studies and randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluated the difference in mean serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level between migraineurs and nonmigraineurs; the association between hypovitaminosis D and migraine; and the effects of vitamin D supplementation on migraine-frequency, duration, and severity. Pooled mean difference and odds ratio were calculated (random-effects model, RevMan version 5.

Metabolic Bone Disease in Preterm Neonates With Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR): A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To study the association of fetal growth restriction (FGR) with metabolic bone disease in preterm neonates.

Methodology: This prospective cohort study included 94 preterm neonates with FGR as cases and an equal number of gestation-matched appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates without FGR as controls. The incidence of metabolic bone disease, and serum biochemical markers at various time intervals till 6 months corrected age were compared.

Effect of a single dose of zoledronic acid on bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in Indian postmenopausal osteoporotic women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus - A prospective cohort pilot study.

Purpose: The objectives were to study the effect of a single dose of intravenous (IV) zoledronic acid (ZA) on changes in bone mineral density (BMD) (lumbar spine (LS), hip, & distal forearm), trabecular bone score (TBS) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in postmenopausal osteoporotic women with and without diabetes over 12 months.

Methods: Patients were divided into two groups: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 40) and non-DM (n = 40). Both groups received a single dose of 4 mg IV ZA at baseline.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α and γ Gene Polymorphisms among South Indian Patients with Diabetic Dyslipidaemia.

Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α and γ genes play an important role in dyslipidaemia of T2DM.

Aims: To estimate the frequency distribution of PPAR α and γ gene polymorphisms in South Indian T2DM patients with dyslipidaemia compared to healthy controls. Normative frequencies of SNPs were established and compared with data for 1000 genome populations.

Clinicopathological Profile of Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Special Reference to Ki-67 Labelling Index.

Context: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) can occur due to a neoplastic process or hyperplasia. While the disease presentation is predominantly asymptomatic in developed countries, this is not the case yet in India. Differentiation of the type of lesion can only be done based on histomorphology but has its own challenges.