Pattern of emergency department presentations for deliberate self-harm at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan: A cross-sectional study.

ObjectiveDeliberate self-harm (DSH) is a complex event with multitude of contributing factors. The emergency department has an essential role as first point of contact with patients who present with DSH. We aimed to determine the pattern of DSH presenting in emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Efficacy of GLP-1 Agonists in Psychiatric Illnesses: A Scoping Review.

GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are widely recognized for their antidiabetic properties, primarily due to their insulin secretagogue action. However, their potential therapeutic effects extend beyond the endocrine system, suggesting a promising role in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Despite this potential, there is limited consolidation of evidence regarding their psychiatric applications.

How psychostimulant treatment changes the brain morphometry in adults with ADHD: sMRI Comparison study to medication-naïve adults with ADHD.

ADHD is increasingly recognised as a cause of functional impairment in adults. Treatment guidelines recommend stimulants as the first-line treatment for adult ADHD, but concerns exist about long-term efficacy and potential tolerance. We investigated the long-term effect of stimulant therapy on brain morphometry in individuals with ADHD.

Smokeless, not harmless: Understanding Naswar's cardiovascular risks in the northwestern Pakistan.

Introduction: Tobacco use has a major impact on mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD). Naswar, a smokeless tobacco (SLT) product predominantly used in the northwestern part of Pakistan, has not been explored for its association with CAD. World Health Organization also expresses the need for further studies to thoroughly understand effects of different SLT products on CAD across various populations.

Roles of extracellular polymeric substances in arsenic accumulation and detoxification by cell wall intact and mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Arsenic (As) pollution seriously threatens human and ecological health. Microalgal cell wall and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are known to interact with As, but their roles in the As resistance, accumulation and speciation in microalgae remain unclear. Here, we used two strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, namely CC-125 (wild type) and CC-503 (cell wall-deficient mutant), to examine the algal growth, EPS synthesis, As adsorption, absorption and transformation under 10-1000 µg/L As(III) and As(V) treatments for 96 h.

Religion, spirituality, and pediatric mental health: a scoping review of research on religion and spirituality in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry from 2000 to 2023.

Introduction: Religion and spirituality (R/S) serve as sources of meaning-making and coping for many individuals and families. While research on the relationship between R/S and mental health has been ongoing, their role in pediatric mental health is poorly understood. The objective of this study is to assess research trends and predominant themes of R/S in child and adolescent psychiatric research in articles published in the Journal of the American Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JAACAP).

Exploring relationship of poor sleeping habits with prenatal stress among pregnant women in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Pregnancy is a complex phenomenon accompanied by biological, physiological and psychosocial changes for a mother. It is also regarded as a stressful life event where a woman's role, identity and interpersonal relationships are restructured. The present study from Pakistan explores the association of sleep quality and poor sleeping habits with prenatal stress using Pittsburgh Sleep quality Index.

Role of adjunctive cariprazine for treatment-resistant depression in patients with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Cariprazine is an orally active dopamine D3-preferring D3/D2 receptor and serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, being considered as a treatment for refractory MDD. Therefore, we aim to perform the first meta-analysis of current literature, to collate changes in depression from baseline and assess tolerability of adjunctive cariprazine in MDD populace.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.

Pb uptake, accumulation, and translocation in plants: Plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular response: A review.

Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic contaminant that is ubiquitously present in the ecosystem and poses severe environmental issues, including hazards to soil-plant systems. This review focuses on the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of Pb metallic ions and their toxicological effects on plant morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes. We highlight that the uptake of Pb metal is controlled by cation exchange capacity, pH, size of soil particles, root nature, and other physio-chemical limitations.

Optimizing cognitive and behavioral approaches for perinatal depression: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

Cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) have been demonstrated efficacious in treating perinatal depression (PND). This has been demonstrated in several meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. However, there is a need for up-to-date meta-analytical evidence providing reliable estimates for CBT's effectiveness in treating and preventing PND.

Toxic effects of cadmium on the physiological and biochemical attributes of plants, and phytoremediation strategies: A review.

Anthropogenic activities pose a more significant threat to the environment than natural phenomena by contaminating the environment with heavy metals. Cadmium (Cd), a highly poisonous heavy metal, has a protracted biological half-life and threatens food safety. Plant roots absorb Cd due to its high bioavailability through apoplastic and symplastic pathways and translocate it to shoots through the xylem with the help of transporters and then to the edible parts via the phloem.

Prevention of common mental disorders among women in the perinatal period: a critical mixed-methods review and meta-analysis.

Perinatal depression and anxiety account for a high burden of perinatal morbidity and poor psychosocial functioning. There is a growing interest among mental health professionals, to devise interventions to prevent this condition. This review synthesizes evidence for the effectiveness of psychological and psychosocial interventions aimed at the prevention of perinatal depression and anxiety.

Newborn behavioral observations system in rural Pakistan: A feasibility and acceptability study.

The Newborn Behavioral Observations (NBO) system is a relationship-based tool that helps parents recognize their infant's competencies and learn their behavioral cues, with the goals of enhancing parental responsiveness and satisfaction in the infant-parent relationship. In our study, a pediatrician integrated the NBO into 44 pediatric health care visits of infants in rural Pakistan villages, under the remote guidance of two U.S.

Linezolid induced psychosis and hallucination: Case report and literature review.

Introduction: Various classes of antibiotics have been linked to causing a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms. These manifestations range from psychosis and delirium to encephalitis and intracranial hypertension. The prevalence of psychosis adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for individual antibiotics ranges from 0.

The importance of human factors in therapeutic dietary errors of a hospital: A mixed-methods study.

An accurate therapeutic diet can help people improve their medical condition. Any discrepancy in this regard could jeopardize a patient's clinical condition. This study was aimed to determine prevalence of dietary errors among in-patients at an international private hospital's food department, and to explore causes of error to suggest strategies to reduce such errors in the future.

Psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of case reports and case series.

Background: Preliminary data suggest that patients with COVID-19 may experience psychiatric symptoms, including psychosis. We systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate the concurrence of new-onset psychosis or exacerbation of clinically stable psychosis through case reports and case series.

Methods: Six databases were searched, followed by an electronic and manual search of the relevant articles.

Predictive value of tissue p53 protein expression and serum p53 antibodies in oral potentially malignant disorders: Relative to oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: This study aims to assess and report the predictive value of tissue p53 protein expression and serum p53 antibodies as a screening tool for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) cases with risk of malignant transformation.

Methods: A case-control study was jointly conducted at the Department of Pathology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in several dental institutes in the country from April 2016 to March 2017. A total of 180 eligible subjects (60 cases of OPMDs, 60 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and 60 controls) were included in the study.

Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in children with autism spectrum disorder - a literature review.

: This review summarizes evidence pertaining to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). : An electronic search was conducted using four major databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Using an umbrella methodology, the reference lists of relevant papers were reviewed, and citation searches were conducted.