What Happens After Menopause (WHAM)? A Progress Report of a Prospective Controlled Study of Women After Pre-Menopausal Risk-Reducing Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy.

Surgical menopause, the removal of both ovaries prior to natural menopause, may impact short-and long-term physical and emotional health. An increasingly common cause of surgical menopause is risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in those at high inherited risk of ovarian cancer. The WHAM (What Happens After Menopause?) study is the largest prospective controlled study of RRSO.

Flash glucose monitoring for Indigenous Australians with type 2 diabetes: a randomised pilot and feasibility study.

Background: Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) can improve diabetes management, but no randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of FGM have been undertaken in Indigenous Australian populations. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of performing a RCT of FGM in Indigenous Australians with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: In this open-labelled pilot RCT, Indigenous adults with type 2 diabetes were randomised to FGM or standard care for 6 months.

Effects of Ferric Carboxymaltose on Pica among Pregnant Women in Malawi: A Substudy to a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Pica is the craving and consumption of nonfood items, and includes the ingestion of earth, raw starch, and ice. Pica is common in sub-Saharan Africa, especially during pregnancy. Despite being ubiquitous, its etiology is not well understood.

Mixed methods feasibility study of Music Attuned Technology Care via eHealth (MATCH) for people with complex behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia within an acute psychogeriatric ward.

Introduction: Music-based strategies can reduce distress, agitation, and promote wellbeing in people with dementia. Research in specialized dementia care units is limited.

Methods: Mixed-methods pre-post study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effects of Music Attuned Technology Care via eHealth (MATCH) in a dementia-specialized inpatient ward.

Validation of a Multi-Channel Ambient Sensor to Measure Vital Signs in Patients Within the Ward and at Home.

Hospitalised, unwell patients have vital signs such as heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO) and temperature measured multiple times a day to detect clinical deterioration and monitor health trajectories. Advancements in contact-free (ambient) sensors (AS) to measure vital signs can help mitigate risks due to skin injury and infection transmission seen in conventional hospital equipment. This prospective, observational clinical study aims to validate vital sign measurements from a multi-channel AS compared to conventional equipment in three cohorts: patients in a hospital ward, patients at home within a Hospital-at-Home service, and healthy volunteers.

Role of hepcidin on benefits and risks of supplementation with iron syrup and multiple micronutrient powders in Bangladeshi children: a substudy to a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Hepcidin can determine individuals' responses to iron supplementation, but limited evidence exists from pediatric trials.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the influence of hepcidin on the effects of supplementation with iron syrup and multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs) on hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations and the incidence of diarrhea in young children.

Methods: Participants included a subsample of 1281 8-mo-old children enrolled in a 3-arm, double-blind, double-dummy, individually randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of 3 mo of universal supplementation with daily iron syrup (12.

Epidemiology of menstrual-related absenteeism in 44 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional analysis of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.

Background: Menstrual-related absenteeism from work, school, or social activities is an important functional indicator of poor menstrual health that disrupts women's and girls' daily lives and exacerbates gender inequality. We sought to estimate the prevalence of and factors contributing to menstrual-related absenteeism across low-income and middle-income countries.

Methods: We analysed cross-sectional data from 47 nationally or subnationally representative Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys from 2017 to 2023, which comprised 3 193 042 individuals from 555 869 households across 44 countries; those with available information on the outcome of interest were included in our analysis.

Improving cardiometabolic risk factors in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in northeast Arnhem Land: single arm trial of a co-designed dietary and lifestyle program.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a 4-month dietary and lifestyle program co-designed and led by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people on weight and metabolic markers, diet, and physical activity in overweight and obese adults in a remote Indigenous community.

Study Design: Single arm, pre-post intervention study.

Setting, Participants: Adult residents (18-65 years) of a remote Northern Territory community with body mass index (BMI) values of at least 25 kg/m or waist circumferences exceeding 94 cm (men) or 80 cm (women).

Polysomnographic titration of non-invasive ventilation in motor neurone disease (3TLA): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) uses positive pressure to assist people with respiratory muscle weakness or severe respiratory compromise to breathe. Most people use this treatment during sleep when breathing is most susceptible to instability. The benefits of using NIV in motor neurone disease (MND) are well-established.

Ferric carboxymaltose for anemia in late pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.

Over 46% of African pregnant women are anemic. Oral iron is recommended but often suboptimal, particularly late in pregnancy. Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) could treat anemia in women in the third trimester in sub-Saharan Africa.

Rationale and design of a large trial of perioperative ketamine for prevention of chronic post-surgical pain.

Background: Chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) is recognised as one of the most common and debilitating complications of major surgery. Progression from acute to chronic pain after surgery involves sensitisation of central nervous system pathways with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor having a central role. Ketamine is a potent, non-selective NMDA antagonist commonly used for management of acute postoperative pain.

Psilocybin and Motor Function: A Triple-Blind, Dose-Finding Study in Healthy Participants.

Background: There has been a resurgence of research into the potential therapeutic benefits of psychedelics for neuropsychiatric disorders. Classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, exert complex effects on higher cognitive functions such as perception and awareness, but their impact on motor function remains unexplored. Moreover, there is a theoretical rationale for using psychedelics to promote motor retraining in certain neuropsychiatric conditions associated with motor dysfunction.

Postpartum maternal and infant haematological effects of second-trimester ferric carboxymaltose versus standard-of-care oral iron in Malawi: longitudinal follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Anaemia is common in mothers and infants in the first year postpartum, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated whether treating anaemia in the second trimester of pregnancy with a single dose of intravenous iron, ferric carboxymaltose, compared with standard-of-care oral iron could alleviate anaemia in postpartum women and their infants.

Methods: REVAMP (ACTRN12618001268235), an open-label, individually randomised, controlled trial done across nine urban and five rural health centres in Malawi, recruited women if they were in the second trimester of singleton pregnancy, had a capillary haemoglobin concentration of less than 10·0 g/dL, and had a negative malaria rapid diagnostic test.

Chewing Gum to Treat Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Female Patients: A Multicenter Randomized Trial.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is common after general anesthesia, with consequences for patient outcomes, satisfaction with care, and healthcare costs. The aim was to compare a new treatment, chewing gum, with a widely used intravenous agent, ondansetron, to treat postoperative nausea and vomiting in female patients in the postanesthesia care unit.

Methods: This study was a multicenter, randomized, controlled noninferiority trial in 17 hospitals in Australia and New Zealand.

What happens after menopause? (WHAM): A prospective controlled study of vasomotor symptoms and menopause-related quality of life 24 months after premenopausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO).

Objective: To measure vasomotor symptoms and menopause-related quality of life up to 24 months after RRSO, and the effects of Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT).

Methods: Prospective observational study of 104 premenopausal women at elevated risk of ovarian cancer planning RRSO and age-matched comparators (n = 102) who retained their ovaries. Vasomotor symptoms and quality of life were measured using the Menopause-specific QoL Intervention (MENQOL-I) scale.

Associations between non-anaemic iron deficiency and outcomes following elective surgery for colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Iron deficiency is present in up to 75% of patients presenting for colorectal cancer surgery. It is unclear whether iron deficiency without anaemia is associated with worse postoperative outcomes. We hypothesised that, in adults without anaemia undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer, iron deficiency would be associated with worse postoperative outcomes relative to an iron-replete state.

Effects of iron supplements and iron-containing micronutrient powders on the gut microbiome in Bangladeshi infants: a randomized controlled trial.

Anemia is highly prevalent globally, especially in young children in low-income countries, where it often overlaps with a high burden of diarrheal disease. Distribution of iron interventions (as supplements or iron-containing multiple micronutrient powders, MNPs) is a key anemia reduction strategy. Small studies in Africa indicate iron may reprofile the gut microbiome towards pathogenic species.

Community use of oral antibiotics transiently reprofiles the intestinal microbiome in young Bangladeshi children.

Antibiotics may alter the gut microbiome, and this is one of the mechanisms by which antimicrobial resistance may be promoted. Suboptimal antimicrobial stewardship in Asia has been linked to antimicrobial resistance. We aim to examine the relationship between oral antibiotic use and composition and antimicrobial resistance in the gut microbiome in 1093 Bangladeshi infants.

Can flash glucose monitoring improve glucose management for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with type 2 diabetes? A protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are disproportionately impacted by type 2 diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology (such as Abbott Freestyle Libre 2, previously referred to as Flash Glucose Monitoring) offers real-time glucose monitoring that is convenient and easy to use compared to self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). However, this technology's use is neither widespread nor subsidised for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with type 2 diabetes.

Eggsurance? A randomized controlled trial of a decision aid for elective egg freezing.

Study Question: Does a purpose-designed Decision Aid for women considering elective egg freezing (EEF) impact decisional conflict and other decision-related outcomes?

Summary Answer: The Decision Aid reduces decisional conflict, prepares women for decision-making, and does not cause distress.

What Is Already Known: Elective egg-freezing decisions are complex, with 78% of women reporting high decisional conflict. Decision Aids are used to support complex health decisions.