Shape and word parts combine linearly in the Bouba-Kiki effect.

Languages have evolved in part due to cross-modal associations between shape and sound. A famous example is the Bouba-Kiki effect, wherein humans associate words like bouba/kiki to round/angular shapes. How does the Bouba-Kiki effect work for natural words and shapes that contain a mixture of features? If the effect is holistic, the effect for a composite stimulus would not be explainable using the parts.

The landscape of conventional and artificial intelligence-based clinical prediction models in non-small-cell lung cancer: from development to real-world validation.

Globally, lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer mortality, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the most common subtype of lung cancer diagnosed. This review paper provides a comprehensive landscape of clinical prediction models (CPMs) in NSCLC, including in early-stage and metastatic disease, and the recent acceleration of artificial intelligence integration. Prediction models are developed using multimodal patient data to allow oncologists to make evidence-based decisions regarding patient treatment options.

Advancements in 2D TMDs as Sensors: From Materials to Real-World Applications.

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the performance of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and their hybrid nanostructures in various sensing applications, including gas sensors, photodetectors, biosensors and wearable sensors. It focuses on categorizing the mechanisms involved, such as chemiresistive, field-effect transistor (FET), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and piezoresistive methods, which illustrate the sensor functionalities of TMDs. The review emphasizes the importance of several properties like charge transfer processes, surface interactions and structural dynamics.

Sanitation-related withholding and suppression among women in urban Uganda and India.

Despite sanitation facility availability, perceived privacy, safety and security, and health status and risks may prevent toilet use, particularly for women. Women may withhold food and water (withholding) or suppress urination and defecation urges (suppression) to cope, though evidence on the prevalence and drivers of these behaviours is limited. This secondary analysis of data generated as part of the Measuring Urban Sanitation and Empowerment project ( = 2,173) assesses the prevalence of withholding and suppression among urban women in Kampala, Uganda and Tiruchirappalli, India, and associations with perceived sanitation-related privacy, safety and security, and health status and risks (withholding analytic sample, 1,308; suppression analytic sample, 862).