Influence of water temperature on feed intake, appetite control, and energy allocation in Atlantic salmon () post-smolt.

For ectothermal animals, such as the teleost Atlantic salmon (, temperature is a key environmental factor that influences metabolism, energy allocation and growth. However, the complex interactions among feed intake, appetite-regulating signalling pathways, gastrointestinal transit rates, and energy partitioning toward metabolism and growth across varying water temperatures remain poorly understood. In this study, feed intake, feed efficiency, somatic indices and growth were examined in Atlantic salmon post-smolts (ca.

Premises for digital twins reporting on Atlantic salmon wellbeing.

Many species of fish, birds and mammals commonly live in human captivity; Atlantic salmon Salmo salar is one of them. The international legal status of the welfare of captive animals is slowly developing and still requires rigorous specification. For example, even though fish have complex cognition and elements of sentience, The United Nations' animal welfare principles still take a functional health-centred perspective overlooking the cognitive-affective component.

Safety and Reverence: How Roman Catholic Liturgy Can Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The current COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for many religious denominations. The Roman Catholic Church strongly depends on physical communal worship and sacraments. Disagreements grow concerning the best balance between safety and piety.

Computational animal welfare: towards cognitive architecture models of animal sentience, emotion and wellbeing.

To understand animal wellbeing, we need to consider subjective phenomena and sentience. This is challenging, since these properties are private and cannot be observed directly. Certain motivations, emotions and related internal states can be inferred in animals through experiments that involve choice, learning, generalization and decision-making.

[Individual differences in behavior and mechanisms of ecological differentiation with fishes as an example].

In this paper we present a review of individual differences in animal behavior exemplified by fishes. Main approaches to these differences investigation are outlined. Such terms as temperament can be used to describe consistent characteristics of individuality in animals.