SCREEN-II: upstream identification of nutritional risks and its determinants among older adults in primary care in Singapore.

Introduction And Objective: Malnutrition is common among the elderly and is a growing public health concern. Identification and subsequent intervention for malnutrition begin with screening. Community screening presents a key opportunity for early identification and intervention for at-risk groups.

Hospitalisation from fractures in New Zealand octogenarians: LiLACS NZ.

Unlabelled: Longitudinal data quantifying fracture rates beyond 80 years are lacking. Over 5 years, hospitalised fracture incidences increased by 85% in Māori and 73% in non-Māori octogenarians. However, while fracture-related hospital nights increased by 107% in non-Māori, they remained stable for Māori.

The Development of a Model to Predict Cognitive Decline Within 12 Months in Home Care Clients.

Aim: To develop and validate a model to predict cognitive decline within 12 months for home care clients without a diagnosis of dementia.

Design: We included all adults aged ≥ 18 years who had at least two interRAI Home Care assessments within 12 months, no diagnosis of dementia and a baseline Cognitive Performance Scale score ≤ 1. The sample was randomly split into a derivation cohort (75%) and a validation cohort (25%).

An Expert Consensus Statement on Biomarkers of Aging for Use in Intervention Studies.

Biomarkers of aging serve as important outcome measures in longevity-promoting interventions. However, there is limited consensus on which specific biomarkers are most appropriate for human intervention studies. This work aimed to address this need by establishing an expert consensus on biomarkers of aging for use in intervention studies via the Delphi method.

Who uses yoga and why? Who teaches yoga? Insights from a national survey in New Zealand.

Introduction Globally, yoga has gained popularity as a health-promoting and disease-prevention discipline. The common health conditions prompting yoga use include musculoskeletal disorders, mental health conditions, asthma, fibromyalgia, arthritis, diabetes, and cancers. Although the therapeutic benefits of using yoga are well documented, little is known about the characteristics of yoga instructors (YIs) and yoga users (YUs) in New Zealand (NZ).

Sociodemographic and Health Indicators of Diet Quality in Pre-Frail Older Adults in New Zealand.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and health indicators of diet quality in pre-frail community-dwelling older adults. Pre-frail older adults are those at risk of progression to clinical manifestations of frailty and are targets for preventative intervention. We previously reported that pre-frail older adults have reasonably good overall diet quality.

Validation of an Algorithm for Measurement of Sedentary Behaviour in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Accurate measurement of sedentary behaviour in older adults is informative and relevant. Yet, activities such as sitting are not accurately distinguished from non-sedentary activities (e.g.

The Role of a Composite Fitness Score in the Association Between Low-Density Cholesterol and All-Cause Mortality in Older Adults: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.

Background: In the general population, an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) predicts higher cardiovascular disease risk, and lowering LDL-C can prevent cardiovascular disease and reduces mortality risk. Interestingly, in cohort studies that include very old populations, no or inverse associations between LDL-C and mortality have been observed. This study aims to investigate whether the association between LDL-C and mortality in the very old is modified by a composite fitness score.

Chronic health conditions and mortality among older adults with complex care needs in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Background: Older people have more comorbidities than younger groups and multimorbidity will increase. Often chronic conditions affect quality of life, functional ability and social participation. Our study aim was to quantify the prevalence of chronic conditions over a three-year period and their association with mortality after accounting for demographics.

Dietary Protein Intake and Physical Function in Māori and Non-Māori Adults of Advanced Age in New Zealand: LiLACS NZ.

The population of older adults is growing exponentially. Research shows that current protein intake recommendations are unlikely to meet the ageing requirements and may be linked to reduced physical function. Ensuring optimal function levels is crucial for independence and quality of life in older age.

Atrial fibrillation incidence and outcomes in two cohorts of octogenarians: LiLACS NZ.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the general population, has significant healthcare burden. Little is known about AF in octogenarians.

Objective: To describe the prevalence and incidence rate of AF in New Zealand (NZ) octogenarians and the risk of stroke and mortality at 5-year follow-up.

The acute postprandial response of homocysteine to multivitamin and mineral supplementation with a standard meal is not impaired in older compared to younger adults.

Purpose: B vitamins are required for the complex regulation of homocysteine and one-carbon (1C) metabolism. Nutritional supplements are frequently used by older adults to counter nutritional inadequacies. However, the postprandial use of B vitamins from supplements in 1C metabolism may be altered with age owing to impaired nutrient absorption and metabolic regulation.

Vascular disease and apathy symptoms in the very old: A cross-sectional and longitudinal meta-analysis of individual participant data.

Objectives: Previous findings suggest a vascular foundation underlying apathy, but transdiagnostic and prospective evidence on vascular apathy is scarce. This study examines the association between vascular disease and the presence and development of apathy symptoms in the very old.

Methods: Four cohorts of the Towards Understanding Longitudinal International older People Studies (TULIPS)-consortium were included in a two-staged, individual participant data meta-analysis using generalized linear mixed models.

Effectiveness of a complex intervention of group-based nutrition and physical activity to prevent frailty in pre-frail older adults (SUPER): a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The increasing prevalence of frailty with age is becoming a public health priority in countries with ageing populations. Pre-frailty presents a window of opportunity to prevent the development of frailty in community-dwelling older adults. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a complex intervention that combined a nutrition-based intervention and a physical activity intervention, along with the effectiveness of each intervention individually, to reduce physical frailty in pre-frail older adults over 2 years.

Disentangling the varying associations between systolic blood pressure and health outcomes in the very old: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Objectives: While randomized controlled trials have proven the benefits of blood pressure (BP) lowering in participating octogenarians, population-based observational studies suggest an association between low systolic blood pressure (SBP) and faster overall decline. This study investigates the effects of BP-lowering treatment, a history of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and cognitive and physical fitness on the associations between SBP and health outcomes in the very old.

Methods: Five cohorts from the Towards Understanding Longitudinal International older People Studies (TULIPS) consortium were included in a two-step individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA).

Prevalence of Loneliness and Its Association With General and Health-Related Measures of Subjective Well-Being in a Longitudinal Bicultural Cohort of Older Adults in Advanced Age Living in New Zealand: LiLACS NZ.

Objectives: There is evidence that loneliness is detrimental to the subjective well-being of older adults. However, little is known on this topic for the cohort of those in advanced age (80 years or older), which today is the fastest-growing age group in the New Zealand population. We examined the relationships between loneliness and selected subjective well-being outcomes over 5 years.

New horizons in evidence-based care for older people: individual participant data meta-analysis.

Evidence-based decisions on clinical and cost-effectiveness of interventions are ideally informed by meta-analyses of intervention trial data. However, when undertaken, such meta-analyses in ageing research have typically been conducted using standard methods whereby summary (aggregate) data are extracted from published trial reports. Although meta-analysis of aggregate data can provide useful insights into the average effect of interventions within a selected trial population, it has limitations regarding robust conclusions on which subgroups of people stand to gain the greatest benefit from an intervention or are at risk of experiencing harm.

Optimising function and well-being in older adults: protocol for an integrated research programme in Aotearoa/New Zealand.

Background: Maintaining independence is of key importance to older people. Ways to enable health strategies, strengthen and support whanāu (family) at the community level are needed. The Ageing Well through Eating, Sleeping, Socialising and Mobility (AWESSOM) programme in Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ) delivers five integrated studies across different ethnicities and ages to optimise well-being and to reverse the trajectory of functional decline and dependence associated with ageing.

Declining daily functioning as a prelude to a hip fracture in older persons-an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background: Daily functioning is known to decline after a hip fracture, but studies of self-reported functioning before the fracture suggest this decline begins before the fracture.

Objective: Determine whether change in functioning in the year before a hip fracture in very old (80+) differs from change in those without a hip fracture.

Design: Two-stage individual patient data meta-analysis including data from the Towards Understanding Longitudinal International older People Studies (TULIPS)-consortium.

Dietary Protein Intake and Transition between Frailty States in Octogenarians Living in New Zealand.

Adequate nutritional status may influence progression to frailty. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of frailty and examine the relationship between dietary protein intake and the transition between frailty states and mortality in advanced age. We used data from a longitudinal cohort study of Māori (80-90 years) and non-Māori (85 years).

Association of Daily Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Protein Intake Patterns in Older Adults: A Multi-Study Analysis across Five Countries.

Physical activity and protein intake are associated with ageing-related outcomes, including loss of muscle strength and functional decline, so may contribute to strategies to improve healthy ageing. We investigated the cross-sectional associations between physical activity or sedentary behaviour and protein intake patterns in community-dwelling older adults across five countries. Self-reported physical activity and dietary intake data were obtained from two cohort studies (Newcastle 85+ Study, UK; LiLACS, New Zealand Māori and Non-Māori) and three national food consumption surveys (DNFCS, The Netherlands; FINDIET, Finland; INRAN-SCAI, Italy).

The Diet Quality and Nutrition Inadequacy of Pre-Frail Older Adults in New Zealand.

This study aimed to describe the diet quality of pre-frail community-dwelling older adults to extend the evidence of nutrition in frailty prevention. Pre-frailty, the transition state between a robust state and frailty, was ascertained using the FRAIL scale. Socio-demographic, health status, and 24-h dietary recalls were collected from 465 community-dwelling adults aged 75+ (60 years for Māori and Pacific people) across New Zealand.

Association between dietary protein intake and change in grip strength over time among adults of advanced age: Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ).

Objective: To determine the association between dietary protein intake and change in grip strength (GS) over time among Māori and non-Māori of advanced age.

Methods: Protein intake was estimated from 2×24h multiple pass recall (MPR) in 554 participants, and GS was measured yearly over five years. Anthropometric, physical activity and health data were collected.