Humoral and cellular BNT162b2 mRNA-based booster vaccine-induced immunity in patients with multiple myeloma and persistence of neutralising antibodies: results of a prospective single-centre cohort study.

Background: Currently available messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-based vaccines against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been shown to be effective even in highly immunocompromised hosts, including patients with multiple myeloma. However, vaccination failure can be observed in all patient groups.

Methods: This prospective study longitudinally assessed the humoral and cellular responses to a third booster dose of BNT162b2 mRNA-based vaccine in patients with myeloma (n = 59) and healthy controls (n = 22) by measuring the levels of anti-spike (S) antibodies (electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay) including neutralising antibodies and specific T-cells (enzyme-linked immunospot assay) following booster administration.